Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Drug Abuse and Addiction: Pharmacological Phenomena01:15

Drug Abuse and Addiction: Pharmacological Phenomena

915
Drug dependence, abuse, and addiction are complex phenomena that can precipitate various abnormal states. Physical dependence refers to a state of pharmacological adaptation to a drug. This adaptation often results in tolerance—a reduced response to the drug after repeated administrations. When the drug use is abruptly stopped, withdrawal symptoms occur due to the body's need to readjust from the pharmacologically induced imbalance. However, tolerance and withdrawal symptoms do not...
915
Substance Use Disorders Affecting Sleep01:24

Substance Use Disorders Affecting Sleep

277
Substance use disorders involve a pattern of using drugs more extensively than intended and continuing use despite harmful consequences. This includes legal substances like alcohol and nicotine, as well as illegal drugs. These disorders often involve both physical and psychological dependence, reflecting compulsive use of substances that significantly alter thoughts, feelings, and behaviors, contributing to a major public health issue.
Understanding the concepts of physical dependence,...
277
Drug Dependence01:17

Drug Dependence

1.4K
Medications are typically administered to achieve therapeutic effects. Some drugs can modify an individual's mood and perception, frequently resulting in various enjoyable experiences. However, this can result in drug dependency, a condition marked by continuous drug use despite potential negative consequences. Drug dependency primarily falls into two categories: psychological and physical dependence. Psychological dependence occurs when the pleasurable feelings induced by the drug...
1.4K
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder01:30

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

549
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It affects approximately 5-8% of children globally, with around 60-70% of cases persisting into adulthood. ADHD has significant implications for educational attainment, social interactions, and occupational success.
Diagnostic Criteria and Symptoms
To diagnose ADHD, symptoms must manifest before age 12 and be evident across multiple settings....
549
CNS Depressants: Alcohol and Nicotine01:27

CNS Depressants: Alcohol and Nicotine

684
Ethanol, a clear colorless alcohol, has been consumed by humans for millennia, but its effects on the body are far from benign. At lower doses, it induces decreased inhibitions and loquaciousness, leading to its social appeal. However, it can cause severe consequences at higher doses, such as coma and respiratory depression, due to its zero-order elimination kinetics. Chronic ethanol abuse wreaks havoc on multiple organ systems, particularly the CNS and the liver. Abrupt cessation of ethanol...
684
Human Genetics01:28

Human Genetics

1.1K
Human genetics provides a profound framework for understanding the interplay between genetic predispositions and human psychology. At the heart of this discipline lies the study of how genes influence physical traits, behaviors, and susceptibility to diseases. Each person carries a unique genetic code that subtly or significantly shapes their psychological and behavioral landscape.
The complex relationship between genetics and psychology is observable through common biological components such...
1.1K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Twenty years of sex and gender science in health research: a policy statement from the Organization for the Study of Sex Differences.

Biology of sex differences·2026
Same author

Chronic semaglutide treatment enhances the incentive motivational value of a small food reward and associated cue in male and female rats.

Psychopharmacology·2026
Same author

Chronic semaglutide treatment enhances the incentive motivational value of a small food reward and associated cue in male and female rats.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2025
Same author

Sex- and site-specific effects of GPER-1 activation on saccharin vs cocaine preference in male and female rats.

Hormones and behavior·2025
Same author

Sex differences research is important!

Biology of sex differences·2025
Same author

Effects of Social Housing on Electrically Stimulated Dopamine Release in the Nucleus Accumbens Core and Shell in Female and Male Rats.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2025
Same journal

Alcohol-fluoxetine co-treatment drives gut dysbiosis and intestinal barrier disruption with consequences for neuroimmune signaling in male rats.

Neuropharmacology·2026
Same journal

Thyrotropin-releasing hormone and dopaminergic systems interact in the ventral tegmental area to regulate food intake in rats.

Neuropharmacology·2026
Same journal

TRPC5 as a modulator of TRPV1 signalling in pathological pain states.

Neuropharmacology·2026
Same journal

Loss of mGlu<sub>5</sub> receptors from PV inhibitory neurons attenuates sex differences in ethanol and sucrose seeking.

Neuropharmacology·2026
Same journal

PM289, a synthetic CB2 in vitro receptor agonist, modulates morphine-induced antinociceptive effect and withdrawal syndrome in an animal model of osteoarthritic pain.

Neuropharmacology·2026
Same journal

Purinergic-cytokine signaling as a regulatory axis in neuroimmune development.

Neuropharmacology·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 18, 2025

Author Spotlight: Understanding Adolescent Social Adversity Effects on Neurodevelopment in Mice
07:15

Author Spotlight: Understanding Adolescent Social Adversity Effects on Neurodevelopment in Mice

Published on: March 15, 2024

2.0K

Sex differences in vulnerability to addiction.

Jacqueline A Quigley1, Molly K Logsdon2, Christopher A Turner1

  • 1Psychology Department, Ann Arbor MI, 48109 USA; Michigan Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor MI, 48109 USA.

Neuropharmacology
|February 10, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Female vulnerability to addiction is higher due to estradiol

Keywords:
AddictionDopamineEstradiolSex differences

More Related Videos

Modeling Alcohol Consumption in Rodents Using Two-Bottle Choice Home Cage Drinking and Microstructural Analysis
08:45

Modeling Alcohol Consumption in Rodents Using Two-Bottle Choice Home Cage Drinking and Microstructural Analysis

Published on: November 8, 2024

961
A Conflict Model of Reward-seeking Behavior in Male Rats
06:11

A Conflict Model of Reward-seeking Behavior in Male Rats

Published on: February 20, 2019

7.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Nov 18, 2025

Author Spotlight: Understanding Adolescent Social Adversity Effects on Neurodevelopment in Mice
07:15

Author Spotlight: Understanding Adolescent Social Adversity Effects on Neurodevelopment in Mice

Published on: March 15, 2024

2.0K
Modeling Alcohol Consumption in Rodents Using Two-Bottle Choice Home Cage Drinking and Microstructural Analysis
08:45

Modeling Alcohol Consumption in Rodents Using Two-Bottle Choice Home Cage Drinking and Microstructural Analysis

Published on: November 8, 2024

961
A Conflict Model of Reward-seeking Behavior in Male Rats
06:11

A Conflict Model of Reward-seeking Behavior in Male Rats

Published on: February 20, 2019

7.6K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Addiction Research
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Sex differences in addiction vulnerability are influenced by neural mechanisms.
  • Gonadal hormones, particularly estradiol, interact with dopamine systems, affecting motivated behaviors like drug-seeking.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review evidence for sex differences in addiction vulnerability.
  • To explore the underlying neural mechanisms, focusing on estradiol's role.
  • To examine how estradiol receptor subtypes and brain regions modulate addiction-related behaviors.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing scientific literature on sex differences in addiction.
  • Analysis of rodent studies investigating psychostimulant exposure and behavior.
  • Examination of estradiol's interaction with dopamine systems and stress circuitry.

Main Results:

  • Females exhibit greater incentive sensitization to psychostimulants than males.
  • Estradiol increases female motivation for drugs and relapse susceptibility.
  • Males may be protected from drug preference by estradiol; stress system differences also contribute to female vulnerability.

Conclusions:

  • Estradiol plays a critical role in sex differences in addiction vulnerability.
  • Understanding estradiol receptor subtypes and brain distribution is key to elucidating these mechanisms.
  • Sex differences in the stress system further contribute to addiction susceptibility in females.