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Updated: Nov 18, 2025

Characterization of Immune Cell-derived Extracellular Vesicles and Studying Functional Impact on Cell Environment
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Micro/nano materials regulate cell morphology and intercellular communication by extracellular vesicles.

Mengya Liu1, Dan Wang1, Shuangying Gu1

  • 1School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai 200030, China.

Acta Biomaterialia
|February 10, 2021
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Summary

Biophysical cues like microgrooves alter endothelial cell shape, influencing smooth muscle cell communication via extracellular vesicles (EVs) carrying specific microRNAs. This reveals a new mechanism for tissue engineering.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering
  • Cell Biology and Signaling
  • Nanotechnology in Medicine

Background:

  • Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are key mediators of cell-cell communication, but the influence of biophysical factors on EV-mediated signaling remains unclear.
  • Endothelial cell (EC) morphology can be modulated by micro/nano-scale materials, potentially impacting cellular communication pathways.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how microgrooves, by altering endothelial cell (EC) morphology, influence smooth muscle cell (SMC) phenotype through extracellular vesicle (EV) signaling.
  • To elucidate the role of specific microRNAs (miR-143/miR-145) within EVs in mediating EC-SMC communication.
  • To explore the potential of engineered micro/nano-fibrous scaffolds in controlling EV secretion and cell-cell communication for tissue engineering applications.

Main Methods:

  • Co-culture of endothelial cells (ECs) and smooth muscle cells (SMCs) on microgrooved surfaces to modulate EC morphology.
  • Analysis of SMC contractile marker expression in response to ECs with different morphologies.
  • EV depletion and inhibition studies to confirm the role of EVs in EC-SMC communication.
  • Quantitative PCR to measure miR-143/miR-145 levels in ECs and their secreted EVs.
  • Utilized electrospun nano-fibrous scaffolds to mimic microgroove effects.

Main Results:

  • Elongated ECs, induced by microgrooves, increased contractile marker expression in SMCs compared to polygonal ECs.
  • Depletion of EVs abolished the EC-mediated modulation of SMC phenotype, confirming EVs as critical signaling mediators.
  • Elongated ECs showed upregulated miR-143/miR-145, which were subsequently found at higher levels in secreted EVs transferred to SMCs.
  • Inhibition of EV secretion from ECs abrogated EC-SMC communication and the observed changes in SMC markers.
  • Aligned nano-fibrous scaffolds replicated the effects of microgrooves on ECs and subsequent EV-mediated SMC regulation.

Conclusions:

  • Micro/nano materials can engineer EC morphology, thereby regulating EV secretion and subsequent SMC phenotypic modulation.
  • EVs carrying miR-143/miR-145 are crucial for biophysical cue-driven EC-SMC communication.
  • This study provides a foundation for using engineered materials to control cell-cell communication for vascular and tissue engineering.