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Related Concept Videos

Oxygen Delivering System I: Nasal Cannula and Face Mask01:26

Oxygen Delivering System I: Nasal Cannula and Face Mask

976
The human body requires oxygen to function, and when the natural process of respiration is hindered, external devices, including the following, are needed to help deliver this vital gas.
Nasal Cannula
A nasal cannula is a lightweight tube split at one end into two prongs and placed in the nostrils. It is typically used to deliver low to medium levels of oxygen.
Suggested flow rate: The suggested flow rate for a nasal cannula typically ranges between 1 and 6 L/min.
Oxygen percentage setting:...
976

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Effects of Surgical Masks on Cardiopulmonary Function in Healthy Subjects
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Comparative Performance Testing of Respirator versus Surgical Mask Using a Water Droplet Spray Model.

Paul T J Scheepers1, Heiman F L Wertheim2,3, Maurice van Dael1

  • 1Department for Health Evidence, Research Laboratory Molecular Epidemiology, 6500 HB Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
|February 11, 2021
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Summary

A new laboratory test effectively evaluated alternative respiratory protective equipment (RPE) during the COVID-19 pandemic. Surgical masks showed higher total inward leakage (TIL) than FFP2 respirators, with face shields further reducing leakage.

Keywords:
COVID-19 pandemicaerosolsparticle size distributionrespiratory protective equipmentvirus transmission

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Area of Science:

  • Occupational health
  • Biomedical engineering
  • Infectious disease control

Background:

  • The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic created a critical shortage of standard respiratory protective equipment (RPE).
  • This necessitated the evaluation of alternative RPE options for healthcare workers caring for COVID-19 patients.
  • Assessing the performance of these alternative RPEs was crucial for maintaining safety.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a laboratory procedure for testing the performance of alternative RPEs.
  • To quantify the total inward leakage (TIL) of various RPEs under controlled conditions.
  • To compare the effectiveness of surgical masks and FFP2 respirators, with and without face shields.

Main Methods:

  • A laboratory-based test was designed to measure total inward leakage (TIL).
  • A crossflow nebulizer generated a spray of fluorescent-marked water droplets (1-100 µm).
  • RPEs on a dummy head were sprayed at 30 cm and 60 cm, with marker recovery measured on a filter.

Main Results:

  • Surgical masks exhibited significantly higher TIL than FFP2 respirators at both 30 cm (17.7% higher) and 60 cm (21.7% higher).
  • Adding a face shield reduced TIL by 9.5% for respirators and 16.6% for surgical masks at 30 cm.
  • The test method proved sensitive and capable of differentiating RPE performance.

Conclusions:

  • A safe, rapid, and highly sensitive test method was developed for RPE assessment.
  • The procedure allows for effective comparison of different RPEs under controlled laboratory conditions.
  • Findings highlight differences in protective capabilities between mask types and the added benefit of face shields.