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Updated: Nov 18, 2025

Endoscopic Endonasal Trans-sphenoidal Approach: Minimally Invasive Surgery for Pituitary Adenomas
Published on: January 17, 2018
A Kelly1, N Alhelali1, G W McGarry1
1Otorhinolaryngology Department, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Scotland, UK.
External frontal sinus surgery remains necessary despite endoscopic advances. A new rule of thumb leverages embryological development for safer external approaches, particularly useful for complex cases unresponsive to endoscopic sinus surgery.
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