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Precipitate Formation and Particle Size Control

Precipitate Formation and Particle Size Control

In precipitation gravimetry, the precipitating agent should react specifically or selectively with the analyte. While a specific reagent reacts with the analyte alone, a selective reagent can react with a limited number of chemical species.
The obtained precipitate should be either a pure substance of known composition or easily converted to one by a simple process, such as ignition or drying. In addition, the precipitate should be insoluble and easily filterable. In general, filterability...

Precipitation Processes

Precipitation Processes

The experimental conditions in a gravimetric analysis should be optimized to maximize the particle size and purity of the obtained precipitate. Ideally, the concentration of the precipitating reagent should be low with effective stirring to maintain low relative supersaturation for the growth of large crystals. In homogeneous precipitation, the precipitant is slowly generated by a chemical reaction in the solution to avoid local reagent excesses. For example, urea decomposes gradually to...

Precipitation Gravimetry

Precipitation Gravimetry

Precipitation gravimetry is based on converting an analyte into a sparingly soluble precipitate, which is separated by filtration and weighed. An ideal precipitate should be pure, insoluble, of known composition, and easily filtered from the reaction mixture.
In determining nickel by gravimetric analysis, a precipitant of ethanolic dimethylglyoxime is added to a hot nickel salt solution. This is quickly followed by the dropwise addition of dilute ammonia solution until precipitation occurs. A...

Precipitation and Co-precipitation

Precipitation and Co-precipitation

Precipitation and coprecipitation methods can be used to separate a mixture of ions in a solution. In qualitative inorganic analysis, ions that form sparingly soluble precipitates with the same reagent are separated based on the differences in solubility products. For example, consider the separation of Cu(II) and Fe(II) ions by precipitation as insoluble sulfides. First, copper(II) sulfide is precipitated by the addition of acidic H2S, where the dissociation of H2S is suppressed. Adding H2S...

Types of Coprecipitation

Types of Coprecipitation

Coprecipitation is the contamination of a precipitate by otherwise soluble species and occurs via different processes. In colloidal precipitates, coprecipitation occurs via surface adsorption. For instance, barium sulfate has a primary layer of adsorbed barium ions and a secondary layer of nitrate counterions. This results in contamination of the precipitate by barium nitrate.
Sometimes, ions in a crystal lattice can undergo isomorphous replacement by inclusions of similar charge and size. For...

Washing, Drying, and Ignition of Precipitates

Washing, Drying, and Ignition of Precipitates

After filtration, the precipitate is washed to remove coprecipitated impurities and any remaining mother liquor. Colloidal precipitates, such as silver chloride, are washed with an electrolyte (such as dilute nitric acid) to prevent the peptization of the precipitate. In the case of slightly soluble precipitates, the wash solution contains a common ion to reduce solubility. Lead sulfate, which is slightly soluble in water, is washed with dilute sulfuric acid. Similarly, wash solutions may be...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 18, 2025

Microbiologically Induced Calcite Precipitation Mediated by Sporosarcina pasteurii

Microbiologically Induced Calcite Precipitation Mediated by Sporosarcina pasteurii

Published on: April 16, 2016

Micro-continuum approach for mineral precipitation.

Fengchang Yang¹, Andrew G Stack², Vitalii Starchenko³

¹Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1 Bethel Valley Rd., Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA. yangf@ornl.gov.

Scientific Reports

|February 11, 2021

Summary

This study introduces a new computational solver for modeling mineral precipitation in porous media. The solver accurately simulates solid-interface propagation, crucial for understanding geological processes and material science.

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$Microcrystal Electron Diffraction of Small Molecules$

Microcrystal Electron Diffraction of Small Molecules

Published on: March 15, 2021

Area of Science:

Geochemistry
Computational Science
Materials Science

Background:

Predicting mineral precipitation rates in porous media is challenging due to experimental limitations and difficulties in numerically modeling dynamic solid-interface evolution.
Existing numerical methods struggle to accurately capture the complex interface propagation during mineral precipitation.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop and validate a novel multiphase solver for simulating mineral precipitation processes.
To accurately model the dynamic evolution of solid-mineral interfaces at the micro-continuum level.
To investigate the precipitation of barite (BaSO4) under various conditions.

Main Methods:

Developed a multiphase solver using the Darcy-Brinkman-Stokes equation and the volume-of-fluid technique with sharp interface implementation.
Employed adaptive mesh refinement to enhance simulation resolution near interfaces.
Validated the solver against analytical solutions and the Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian approach.

Main Results:

The solver accurately simulates the propagation of solid-mineral interfaces.
Demonstrated capability in modeling barite precipitation with varying geometrical constraints, flow conditions, reaction rates, and ion diffusion.
Successfully captured crystal face-specific directional growth of a single barite crystal.

Conclusions:

The developed micro-continuum solver provides a robust tool for studying mineral precipitation.
The validated approach enhances the prediction of mineral growth dynamics in porous media.
The solver's ability to capture directional growth opens avenues for detailed crystal morphology studies.