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Immune Privilege: The Microbiome and Uveitis.

Christine Mölzer1, Jarmila Heissigerova2, Heather M Wilson1

  • 1Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom.

Frontiers in Immunology
|February 11, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Immune privilege (IP) in the eye is complex, with the retina offering significant protection. Uveitis can breach this shield, influenced by infection, environment, and the microbiome.

Keywords:
T regulatory cellsadjuvant effectblood retinal barriercommensalsfolatenutritional metabolitesprobiotics

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Immunology
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Immune privilege (IP) explains graft acceptance in the eye and brain.
  • The eye exhibits a spectrum of IP due to its diverse tissues.
  • The retina possesses significant IP, shielded by barriers like the blood-retinal barrier (BRB).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the pathogenesis of uveitis within the context of immune privilege, infection, environment, and the microbiome.
  • To explore how IP varies across different ocular tissues.
  • To discuss the role of infection and dysbiosis in uveitis.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on immune privilege, uveitis, infection, and the microbiome.
  • Analysis of the immunological barriers in the eye, including the BRB.
  • Examination of factors contributing to uveitis pathogenesis.

Main Results:

  • The retina has robust IP, but intraocular inflammation (uveitis) can breach it.
  • Anterior/intermediate uveitis (AU) is less affected by IP than posterior uveitis (PU).
  • Infections cause significant uveitis cases, and dysbiosis is linked to HLA-B27-associated AU.

Conclusions:

  • Uveitis pathogenesis is multifactorial, involving IP, infection, environmental factors, and the microbiome.
  • The concept of IP requires nuanced application across different eye tissues.
  • Understanding these interactions is crucial for managing uveitis.