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Related Concept Videos

Development of Immunocompetence01:22

Development of Immunocompetence

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The initiation of cell-mediated immunity can be observed as early as the third month of fetal growth, with active antibody-mediated immunity following approximately one month later.
The initial cells that migrate from the fetal thymus settle within the skin and epithelial tissues lining the mouth, digestive tract, and in females, the uterus and vagina. These cells, including skin-based dendritic cells, serve as antigen-presenting cells, playing a key role in T cell activation.
Subsequent T...
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Lineage Commitment01:21

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Commitment is the  process whereby stem cells:
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Immunological Memory01:23

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Immunological memory, a pivotal pillar of the adaptive immune system, is responsible for the body's ability to remember and respond more swiftly and effectively to previously encountered pathogens. This remarkable feature is what makes vaccines so effective in preventing diseases.
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Diversity of Antigen Receptors01:28

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Antigen receptors are essential components of the immune system crucial in defending the body against foreign invaders. These receptors are present on the surface of B and T cells, enabling them to recognize antigens and mount an appropriate immune response.
Before encountering any antigen, lymphocytes express these receptors. On B cells, the antigen receptor is a membrane-bound antibody molecule called BCR; on T cells, it is a T cell receptor or TCR. B and T cell receptors are composed of two...
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Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response01:23

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The T and B lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system develop from common lymphoid progenitor cells in the bone marrow. These progenitors give rise to precursors that eventually develop into both T and B lymphocytes. As these precursors mature, they gain the ability to detect and respond to foreign antigens in the body, a process known as immunocompetence. Additionally, these precursors acquire self-tolerance, a process that ensures they do not react to self-antigens. This intricate system...
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Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity01:26

Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity

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An antigen is any substance the immune system identifies as foreign and potentially harmful to the body, prompting an immune response. Antigens have two functional properties: immunogenicity and reactivity. Immunogenicity is the ability of an antigen to stimulate a specific immune response. At the same time, reactivity describes the antigen's ability to react with the cells and antibodies produced in response to it.
Complete Antigens
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 17, 2025

A Combinatorial Single-cell Approach to Characterize the Molecular and Immunophenotypic Heterogeneity of Human Stem and Progenitor Populations
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Multiomics uncovers developing immunological lineages in human.

Emily Stephenson1, Simone Webb1, Muzlifah Haniffa1,2

  • 1Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK.

European Journal of Immunology
|February 11, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Single-cell multiomics advances the study of the prenatal human immune system. This review explores how these technologies reconcile diverse data to map early immune cell development.

Keywords:
bioinformaticsdevelopmental immunologyprenatal immunity

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Developmental Biology
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Studying human immune system development is challenging due to limited tissue access.
  • Animal models offer insights but may not fully represent human development.
  • Advances in single-cell multiomics and biobanking now enable detailed human studies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the application of single-cell multiomic technologies in understanding prenatal human immune development.
  • To identify how multiomics can address knowledge gaps in human immunology.
  • To explore future research directions in human developmental immunology.

Main Methods:

  • Application of single-cell multiomic technologies.
  • Analysis of human developmental tissue from biobanks.
  • Reconciliation of data across multiple omic modalities and developmental time.

Main Results:

  • Detailed mapping of major cellular lineages in the prenatal human immune system.
  • Identification of key immunological gaps addressable by multiomics.
  • Exploration of new research horizons in human immune development.

Conclusions:

  • Single-cell multiomics is crucial for understanding human immune development.
  • Integrating multiomic data is key to advancing immunological knowledge.
  • This approach opens new avenues for studying prenatal immune system formation.