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Related Experiment Videos

Strength reductions from metastatic cortical defects in long bones.

R J McBroom1, E J Cheal, W C Hayes

  • 1Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Charles A. Dana Research Institute, Beth Israel Hospital, Boston, MA 02215.

Journal of Orthopaedic Research : Official Publication of the Orthopaedic Research Society
|January 1, 1988
PubMed
Summary

Drilling holes in bone significantly reduces its strength. Nonlinear finite element models accurately predict fracture risk based on bone geometry, aiding clinical decisions for prophylactic fixation.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomechanics
  • Orthopedic research
  • Finite element analysis

Background:

  • Surgical procedures like biopsies and fracture fixation often involve creating holes in bone.
  • Understanding the impact of these defects on bone strength is crucial for predicting fracture risk and guiding treatment.
  • Existing models for predicting bone strength after defect creation have limitations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify the reduction in diaphyseal bone strength caused by drill holes.
  • To compare experimental results with finite element (FE) and theoretical predictions.
  • To assess the efficacy of different FE models in predicting bone failure loads.

Main Methods:

  • Tested 52 pairs of canine femora in four-point bending.
  • Drilled holes of varying sizes in the lateral cortex of one femur from each pair.

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  • Developed linear orthotropic and nonlinear elastic-plastic FE models based on experimental data.

    • Main Results:

    • A drill hole diameter to bone diameter ratio of 0.2 reduced bone strength to 62% of expected.
    • A strong positive correlation (R2 = 0.79) was found between area fraction and remaining strength.
    • Nonlinear FE models, incorporating plasticity and stress concentrations, showed good agreement with experimental failure loads.

    Conclusions:

    • Nonlinear FE models are more effective than linear models for predicting bone strength reduction due to defects.
    • Bone geometric properties, particularly defect size and shape, can be used to predict fracture risk.
    • Further research is needed to investigate the effects of irregular defect borders and bone remodeling.