Same Day Discharge versus Inpatient Surgery for Robot-Assisted Radical Prostatectomy: A Comparative Study

(1) Background: no study has compared outcomes of same day discharge (SDD) versus inpatient robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) in homogenous cohorts. Our aim was to compare perioperative outcomes and urinary continence recovery between SDD and inpatient RARP in contemporary, comparable patients. (2) Methods: we included consecutive patients undergoing RARP between 2018 and 2020 (n = 376). Only patients eligible for SDD (no oral anticoagulant, distance home-hospital <150 km) and having >6-month follow-up were included (n = 180). All patients underwent RARP with or without lymph node dissection. Comparisons were performed between SDD (n = 42) and inpatient RARP (n = 138). Primary outcomes were 90-day complication and readmission rates and continence rates at 1 and 6 months. (3) Results: median patient age was 66.7 years. Median duration of surgery and blood loss was 134 min and 200 mL, respectively. Lymph node dissection and nerve-sparing procedures were performed in 76.7% and 82.2% of cases, respectively. Median follow-up was 19.5 months. No difference was seen regarding patient features, peri-operative outcomes, and pathology parameters between both groups. The proportion of SDD RARP was stable over time (23.5%). The 90-day unplanned visits, readmission and complication rates were 9.5%, 7.1%, and 19.0% in SDD patients versus 14.5% (p = 0.407), 10.1% (p = 0.560), 28.3% (p = 0.234) for inpatient RARP, respectively. Trends favoring SDD were not statistically significant. Continence rates at 1-(p = 0.589) and 6-months (p = 0.674) were comparable between SDD and inpatient RARP. The main limitation was the lack of randomization. (4) Conclusions: this multi-surgeon comparative study confirms the safety of routine SDD RARP in terms of perioperative and functional outcomes. Trends favoring SDD in terms of complications, emergency visits and readmission have to be confirmed.