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Comparative Transcriptomic Analysis of Gene Expression Inheritance Patterns Associated with Cabbage Head Heterosis.

Shengjuan Li1, Charitha P A Jayasinghege2, Jia Guo1

  • 1College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.

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Summary

Hybrid vigor (heterosis) in cabbage is driven by complex gene expression, with the female parent contributing more to genetic divergence. Most gene expressions in hybrids are non-additive, revealing new insights into horticultural trait development.

Keywords:
Brassica oleracea L. var. capitataallele-specific expressioncis-and trans-regulationheterosistranscriptomics

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Area of Science:

  • Plant genetics
  • Molecular biology
  • Agricultural science

Background:

  • Heterosis, or hybrid vigor, results in F1 hybrids exhibiting superior traits over their genetically diverse parents.
  • The underlying molecular mechanisms driving heterosis remain largely unelucidated.
  • Understanding heterosis is crucial for improving crop yields and horticultural traits.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the molecular regulation of heterosis in F1 cabbage hybrids.
  • To identify genetic and gene expression patterns contributing to enhanced horticultural traits.
  • To elucidate the roles of parental genomes and regulatory mechanisms in heterosis.

Main Methods:

  • Global transcriptome profiling using RNA sequencing on four F1 cabbage hybrids and their parental lines.
  • Analysis of genetic variations, including single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and small insertion-deletions (indels).
  • Quantification of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and assessment of gene expression patterns (additive, non-additive, dominant, maternal dominance).

Main Results:

  • The female parent contributed more significantly to the genetic divergence of the hybrids than the male parent.
  • Over 86% of hybrid gene expressions exhibited non-additive patterns.
  • More than 81% of divergent genes showed dominant inheritance, with over 56% exhibiting maternal expression dominance.
  • Cis-regulatory mechanisms primarily mediated gene expression divergence within hybrids, while trans-regulatory factors had a greater impact on parental expression divergence.

Conclusions:

  • Non-additive gene expression, particularly maternal dominance, plays a substantial role in cabbage heterosis.
  • Both cis- and trans-regulatory mechanisms contribute to gene expression divergence, influencing heterosis.
  • These findings provide novel molecular insights into heterosis during cabbage head development, aiding future breeding strategies.