Ultrananocrystalline Diamond Nanowires: Fabrication, Characterization, and Sensor Applications

The aim of this review is to provide a survey of the recent advances and the main remaining challenges related to the ultrananocrystalline diamond (UNCD) nanowires and other nanostructures which exhibit excellent capability as the core components for many diverse novel sensing devices, due to the unique material properties and geometry advantages. The boron or nitrogen doping introduced in the gas phase during deposition promotes p-type or n-type conductivity. With the establishment of the UNCD nanofabrication techniques, more and more nanostructure-based devices are being explored in measuring basic physical and chemical parameters via classic and quantum methods, as exemplified by gas sensors, ultraviolet photodetectors, piezoresistance effect-based devices, biological applications and biosensors, and nitrogen-vacancy color center-based magnetic field quantum sensors. Highlighted finally are some of the remaining challenges and the future outlook in this area.