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Palm kernel cake (PKC), a cost-effective poultry feed ingredient, can be improved through solid-state fermentation (SSF). Fermented PKC (FPKC) inclusion up to 15% enhances poultry nutrition without negatively impacting growth or health.

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Area of Science:

  • Agricultural Science
  • Animal Nutrition
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Palm kernel cake (PKC) is an abundant, inexpensive agricultural by-product with potential for poultry feed.
  • PKC contains valuable nutrients like crude protein (CP) but also high crude fiber (CF), limiting its digestibility in poultry.
  • Solid-state fermentation (SSF) is a promising method to enhance PKC's nutritional value and reduce anti-nutritional factors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy of solid-state fermentation (SSF) in improving the nutritional quality of palm kernel cake (PKC) for poultry.
  • To determine optimal inclusion levels of fermented PKC (FPKC) in broiler diets without compromising performance.
  • To assess the impact of FPKC on broiler growth, carcass yield, and gut health.

Main Methods:

  • Palm kernel cake (PKC) underwent solid-state fermentation (SSF) to produce fermented PKC (FPKC).
  • Broiler chickens were fed diets with varying inclusion levels of FPKC (up to 15%).
  • Evaluations included growth performance, carcass characteristics, nutrient digestibility, intestinal morphology, and immune response.

Main Results:

  • SSF significantly improved the crude protein (CP) content and reduced the crude fiber (CF) in PKC.
  • Inclusion of FPKC at 10-15% in broiler diets did not negatively affect growth performance or carcass yield.
  • No adverse effects were observed on intestinal microflora, morphology, nutrient digestibility, or the immune system with FPKC inclusion.

Conclusions:

  • Solid-state fermentation is an effective treatment to enhance the nutritional profile of PKC for poultry.
  • Fermented PKC (FPKC) can be safely included in broiler diets at levels of 10-15%, offering a sustainable and cost-effective feed alternative.
  • FPKC shows potential as a partial substitute for conventional feed ingredients like soybean meal and corn in poultry nutrition.