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Searching beyond the Lamppost to Reduce Breast Cancer Disparities.

Sarah Gehlert1, Marion H E Kavanaugh-Lynch2, Senaida Fernandez Poole2

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Racial disparities in breast cancer incidence and mortality persist, particularly affecting Black women. Addressing social determinants and moving beyond race to racism is crucial for eliminating these disparities.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Public Health
  • Sociology

Background:

  • Racial and ethnic disparities in breast cancer incidence and mortality are well-documented in the United States.
  • Black women experience higher mortality rates compared to White women, with significant differences observed across racial groups.
  • Lower socioeconomic status is also linked to poorer breast cancer outcomes, yet receives less scientific attention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of social determinants influencing breast cancer.
  • To critique the current reliance on race as a primary factor in disparity research.
  • To propose alternative research approaches for breast cancer disparities.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing evidence on social determinants of breast cancer.
  • Analysis of racial and ethnic incidence and mortality data.
  • Discussion of the limitations of race-based research in understanding disparities.

Main Results:

  • Breast cancer incidence is highest among White women, followed closely by Black women, and lowest in Asian/Pacific Islander women.
  • Mortality rates are significantly higher for Black women (40% more likely) than White women.
  • Age-adjusted analyses reveal further differences between Black and White women, partly due to cancer types.

Conclusions:

  • Current research approaches focusing solely on race are insufficient to eliminate breast cancer disparities.
  • A shift towards understanding racism and other social determinants is necessary for effective interventions.
  • Further research is needed to address disparities in understudied racial/ethnic groups and socioeconomic statuses.