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Related Concept Videos

Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance02:30

Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance

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Diploid organisms inherit genetic material through chromosomes from both parents. Copies of the same gene are known as alleles. In most cases, both alleles are simultaneously expressed and allow various cellular processes to function optimally. If one of the alleles is missing or mutated, the expression of the other allele can compensate; however, this is not true for all genes.
The expression of some genes depends on which parent passed the gene to the offspring, through a phenomenon known as...
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Pleiotropy01:33

Pleiotropy

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Pleiotropy is the phenomenon in which a single gene impacts multiple, seemingly unrelated phenotypic traits. For example, defects in the SOX10 gene cause Waardenburg Syndrome Type 4, or WS4, which can cause defects in pigmentation, hearing impairments, and an absence of intestinal contractions necessary for elimination. This diversity of phenotypes results from the expression pattern of SOX10 in early embryonic and fetal development. SOX10 is found in neural crest cells that form melanocytes,...
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Imprinting01:22

Imprinting

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Behavioral imprinting is observed in some newborn animals and occurs when they develop strong and specific attachments to another animal (usually a parent) following brief, early-life exposures. Offspring imprint onto parents within a brief period after birth or hatching; this time window is called the critical period. Once imprinting occurs, the bond established between the parents and their offspring is usually long-lasting.
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Author Spotlight: Novel Assay for Studying B-Cell Responses in Multiple Sclerosis Research
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Imprinted Genes and Multiple Sclerosis: What Do We Know?

Natalia Baulina1,2, Ivan Kiselev1, Olga Favorova1,2

  • 1Institute of Translational Medicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 117997 Moscow, Russia.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|February 12, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Epigenetics, particularly genomic imprinting, may play a role in multiple sclerosis (MS) pathogenesis. Disturbances in imprinted genes could influence gene expression and contribute to this chronic neurodegenerative disease.

Keywords:
DLK1-DIO3 locusgenomic imprintingmiRNAmultiple sclerosisparent-of-origin effect

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroimmunology
  • Genetics
  • Epigenetics

Background:

  • Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune neurodegenerative disease impacting the central nervous system.
  • MS pathogenesis results from complex interactions between genetic and non-genetic risk factors.
  • Epigenetic mechanisms, which regulate gene expression in response to environmental influences, are crucial for understanding MS.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the potential role of epigenetics in MS pathogenesis.
  • To investigate how epigenetic mechanisms, specifically parent-of-origin effects and genomic imprinting, may contribute to MS.
  • To highlight the importance of studying imprinted genes for a deeper understanding of MS.

Main Methods:

  • This review synthesizes current research on epigenetics and MS.
  • Focuses on parent-of-origin effects and genomic imprinting as key epigenetic mechanisms.
  • Examines the involvement of imprinted genes in the molecular mechanisms of MS.

Main Results:

  • Epigenetic mechanisms link genetic and non-genetic risk factors in MS.
  • Parent-of-origin effects, notably genomic imprinting, influence gene expression in MS.
  • Disturbances in imprinted genes' expression are observed in MS and may contribute to its development.

Conclusions:

  • Imprinted genes and their dysregulation are implicated in multiple sclerosis pathogenesis.
  • Further research into imprinted genes is essential for advancing MS knowledge.
  • Epigenetic factors offer promising avenues for understanding and potentially treating MS.