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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 17, 2025

Laser-assisted Cytoplasmic Microinjection in Livestock Zygotes

Laser-assisted Cytoplasmic Microinjection in Livestock Zygotes

Published on: October 5, 2016

Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection in Cattle.

Veena Unnikrishnan¹, John Kastelic¹, Jacob Thundathil¹

¹Department of Production Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N4N1, Canada.

|February 12, 2021

Summary

Low efficiency in bovine intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) is linked to oocyte activation failure. Research on testis-specific Na/K-ATPase (ATP1A4) and PLC zeta may improve cattle breeding success.

Keywords:

ICSI bovine phospholipase C zeta sperm oocyte activation factor

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Last Updated: Nov 17, 2025

Laser-assisted Cytoplasmic Microinjection in Livestock Zygotes

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Published on: October 5, 2016

In Vitro Culture Strategy for Oocytes from Early Antral Follicle in Cattle

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Published on: July 8, 2020

Cryopreservation of Preimplantation Embryos of Cattle, Sheep, and Goats

Cryopreservation of Preimplantation Embryos of Cattle, Sheep, and Goats

Published on: August 5, 2011

Area of Science:

Reproductive Biology
Animal Science
Biotechnology

Background:

Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) is a key assisted reproductive technology.
While successful in humans and other animals, bovine ICSI efficiency remains low.
Failed oocyte activation post-sperm microinjection is a primary limitation in cattle.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the reasons for low ICSI efficiency in cattle.
To discuss potential solutions and future research directions.
To highlight the role of specific proteins in bovine oocyte activation.

Main Methods:

Literature review focusing on bovine ICSI challenges.
Analysis of factors affecting oocyte activation after sperm injection.
Examination of the involvement of Na/K-ATPase (ATP1A4) and PLC zeta.

Main Results:

Bovine oocyte activation failure is a major hurdle in ICSI.
Testis-specific isoforms of Na/K-ATPase (ATP1A4) and PLC zeta are implicated.
Understanding these factors can guide improvements in ICSI protocols.

Conclusions:

Addressing oocyte activation failure is crucial for enhancing bovine ICSI.
Further research into ATP1A4 and PLC zeta can optimize cattle breeding.
Improved ICSI efficiency will benefit the cattle industry through elite sire utilization.