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Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Overview01:13

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Recently, the development of olefin metathesis polymerization advanced the field of polymer synthesis. Simply put, the reorganization of substituents on their double bonds between two olefins in the presence of a catalyst is known as the olefin metathesis reaction. The use of metathesis reaction for polymer synthesis is called olefin metathesis polymerization.
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Catalytic hydrogenation of alkenes is a transition-metal catalyzed reduction of the double bond using molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. The mode of hydrogen addition follows syn stereochemistry.
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Ziegler–Natta polymerization is another form of addition or chain‐growth polymerization used for synthesizing linear polymers over branched polymers. The catalyst used for polymerization is the Ziegler–Natta catalyst, named after Karl Ziegler and Giulio Natta, who developed it in 1953. This catalyst is an organometallic complex of titanium tetrachloride and triethyl aluminum, with the active form of the catalyst being an alkyl titanium compound. Using the Ziegler–Natta...
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PROMETHEUS: A Copper-Based Polymetallic Catalyst for Automotive Applications. Part I: Synthesis and Characterization.

Iakovos Yakoumis1

  • 1Monolithos Catalysts & Recycling Limited, 11476 Athens, Greece.

Materials (Basel, Switzerland)
|February 12, 2021
PubMed
Summary

A novel copper-based catalyst, Prometheus, significantly reduces platinum group metals (PGMs) in automotive emission control. This cost-effective catalyst demonstrates comparable or superior performance to commercial options, aiding compliance with strict European emissions standards.

Keywords:
PGMscatalytic convertercopper catalystplatinum group metals

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science and Engineering
  • Environmental Chemistry
  • Catalysis

Background:

  • Strict European exhaust emissions standards necessitate reductions in toxic vehicle gas emissions.
  • Current catalytic converters rely heavily on platinum group metals (PGMs), increasing demand and cost.
  • There is a significant need for cost-effective catalytic converters with reduced PGM loading.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce the Prometheus catalyst, a novel polymetallic nanosized copper-based catalyst.
  • To evaluate the synthesis and characterization of a large-scale, three-metal (copper, palladium, rhodium) nano-catalyst.
  • To demonstrate reduced PGM loading while maintaining or improving catalytic performance for automotive emission control.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of the Prometheus catalyst using a wet impregnation method on a cerium-zirconium oxide (CeZrO4) carrier.
  • Characterization using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and N2 sorption.
  • Testing of catalytic performance on a synthetic gas bench (SGB) for the abatement of CO, CH4, and NO.

Main Results:

  • Successful large-scale synthesis of a three-metal (Cu/Pd/Rh) nano-catalyst.
  • Achieved up to an 85% reduction in PGM loading by utilizing copper as an active catalytic phase.
  • Demonstrated high catalytic activity for CO, CH4, and NO abatement, comparable or superior to commercial catalysts.

Conclusions:

  • The Prometheus catalyst offers a cost-effective alternative for automotive emission control by significantly reducing PGM content.
  • The novel copper-based catalyst maintains high catalytic performance, aiding compliance with stringent environmental regulations.
  • This development represents a significant advancement in the field of PGM-reduced automotive catalysts.