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Related Concept Videos

Leveling Equipment01:18

Leveling Equipment

238
As leveling involves measuring vertical distances relative to a horizontal line of sight, it requires a graduated rod, called a level rod, for vertical measurements and an instrument called a level for a horizontal sight line. A level includes a high-powered telescope with a mechanism for leveling to ensure the line of sight is horizontal when the bubble in the spirit level is centered. Leveling rods, made of wood, metal, or fiberglass, are graduated in feet or meters and commonly used in two-...
238
Design Example: Identifying the Locations of Monuments in the Field Using Global Positioning System Device01:30

Design Example: Identifying the Locations of Monuments in the Field Using Global Positioning System Device

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Surveyors use Global Positioning System (GPS) technology to measure the precise location and elevation of points on Earth. In a recent survey, GPS receivers were used to determine the coordinates and elevations of two park monuments. The process involved careful mission planning, data collection, and correction to ensure accuracy. The survey began with mission planning to identify optimal satellite visibility and minimize Position Dilution of Precision (PDOP). A geodetic control point...
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Common Leveling Mistakes and Errors01:17

Common Leveling Mistakes and Errors

206
A survey team is tasked with determining the elevation difference between points Point A and Point B, separated by uneven terrain. They use a leveling instrument and a leveling rod.Common MistakesMisreading the Rod: During a backsight reading at Point A, the instrumentman observes the rod partially obscured by tall grass. Instead of reading 1.135 m, they mistakenly record 1.735 m due to the misalignment of the crosshair with the wrong graduation. This error adds 0.600 m to all subsequent...
206
Field Application of Global Positioning System01:28

Field Application of Global Positioning System

181
The Global Positioning System (GPS) has become an indispensable tool in fieldwork, offering unparalleled precision and efficiency for surveying, navigation, and infrastructure development. By harnessing signals from a constellation of satellites, GPS receivers determine the location of objects with remarkable speed and accuracy, often completing calculations within a second.Advantages of Modern GPS TechnologyContemporary GPS receivers are designed to meet the practical demands of field...
181

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Updated: Nov 17, 2025

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An Indoor Visible Light Positioning System Using Tilted LEDs with High Accuracy.

Neha Chaudhary1, Othman Isam Younus2, Luis Nero Alves1

  • 1Instituto de Telecomunicações and Departamento de Electrónica, Telecomunicações e Informática, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|February 12, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Tilting transmitters in visible light positioning (VLP) systems improves accuracy by up to 66%. This method enhances indoor positioning and lighting uniformity, meeting European standards.

Keywords:
Tx’s tiltinglinear least squarelocalizationpolynomial regressionreceived signal strengthvisible light communicationvisible light positioning

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Area of Science:

  • Electrical Engineering
  • Computer Science
  • Optical Engineering

Background:

  • Visible light positioning (VLP) systems face accuracy limitations due to transmitter/receiver tilt angles and multipath reflections.
  • Optimizing transmitter (Tx) orientation is crucial for enhancing VLP system performance in indoor environments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of transmitter tilting on the accuracy and performance of VLP systems.
  • To explore the benefits of Tx-tilted VLP considering both line-of-sight (LoS) and non-line-of-sight (NLoS) paths.
  • To assess the influence of Tx tilting on lighting uniformity and VLP positioning error.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a linear least squares algorithm with polynomial regression for VLP accuracy assessment.
  • Investigated VLP system performance with transmitters oriented towards the center of the receiving plane (F).
  • Analyzed the effect of transmitter tilt angle and receiver height on positioning accuracy and lighting uniformity.

Main Results:

  • Tx tilting significantly improves VLP accuracy by up to approximately 66% compared to non-tilted systems.
  • Orienting Txs towards the receiving plane center maximizes received power due to enhanced LoS components.
  • Achieved a minimum positioning error of 8 mm by adjusting the height of the receiving plane center (F).

Conclusions:

  • Tilting transmitters is a beneficial strategy for enhancing VLP system accuracy in indoor applications.
  • The proposed Tx-tilted VLP scheme maintains lighting uniformity compliant with European Standard EN 12464-1.
  • Optimizing Tx orientation and receiver height offers a viable method for achieving high-accuracy indoor positioning using VLP.