Skin Immunomodulation during Regeneration: Emerging New Targets
Loubna Mazini1, Luc Rochette2, Yousra Hamdan1
1Centre des Sciences Biologiques et Médicales (CIAM), Université Mohammed VI Polytechnique, Ben-Guerir 43150, Morocco.
Journal of Personalized Medicine
|February 12, 2021
Summary
Adipose-Derived Stem Cells (ADSC) and their exosomes promote skin regeneration and healing by modulating immune responses. Identifying biomarkers for ADSC immunomodulation is key for developing new therapies for skin aging and repair.
Area of Science:
- Stem cell biology
- Dermatology
- Immunology
Background:
- Adipose-Derived Stem Cells (ADSCs) reside in the hypodermis and are crucial for wound healing, immune modulation, and skin rejuvenation.
- ADSCs and their exosomes regulate cell differentiation, proliferation, and migration, impacting skin barrier function and epidermal regeneration.
- ADSCs interact with immune cells, influencing inflammatory and anti-inflammatory responses critical for skin homeostasis.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the immunomodulatory network of ADSCs in the context of skin regeneration and aging.
- To explore potential biomarkers indicating the immunomodulatory capacity of ADSCs and their exosomes.
- To highlight the therapeutic potential of ADSCs for skin repair and anti-aging strategies.
Main Methods:
- Literature review focusing on ADSC functions in skin biology.
- Analysis of pathways involved in ADSC-mediated immunomodulation, including GDF11, TGF-β, MMPs, microRNAs, and cytokines.
- Identification of potential biomarkers for assessing ADSC immunomodulatory effects.
Main Results:
- ADSCs orchestrate skin regeneration and repair through interactions with the immune microenvironment.
- Specific molecular pathways and cytokines are implicated in ADSC immunomodulatory functions.
- Biomarkers associated with ADSC immunomodulation can be identified for therapeutic applications.
Conclusions:
- ADSCs and their exosomes possess significant potential for therapeutic applications in skin regeneration and anti-aging.
- Understanding ADSC immunomodulatory mechanisms and biomarkers is essential for clinical translation.
- Targeting ADSC-mediated immune responses offers a promising avenue for novel dermatological therapies.
Related Concept Videos
01:19Clinical Applications of Epidermal Stem Cells
3.0K
Epidermal stem cells (EpiSCs) are mainly located at the basal layer of the epidermis. These cells repair minor injuries of the skin and replace dead skin cells. However, EpiSCs’ cannot heal severe wounds such as major burns or those from diabetes or hereditary disorders. In such cases, culturing the epidermal stem cells from the patient is possible and has yielded successful treatment options, such as laboratory-grown skin grafts. These grafts are synthesized using a patient’s own...
3.0K
01:12Renewal of Skin Epidermal Stem Cells
2.8K
The skin is divided into epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis, the skin's outermost, middle, and inner layers. The human epidermal layer regularly undergoes renewal, where old, dead cells are replaced by new cells. Epidermal stem cells or EpiSCs divide and differentiate to restore the lost cells. For the renewal process, some EpiSCs continuously self-renew. In contrast, few others differentiate into transit-amplifying cells, which later form prickle or spinous cells, followed by granular...
2.8K
01:19Overview of Regeneration and Repair
4.7K
Regeneration and repair processes are critical in healing damages caused by injury, disease, and aging. In regeneration, the damaged tissue is entirely replaced with new growth that restores the original architecture and function. In contrast, tissue repair usually results in a fixed tissue architecture involving scar formation. Scars generally do not reestablish tissue function and may also exhibit structural abnormalities at the injury site.
Regeneration
All animals have varying degrees of...
Regeneration
All animals have varying degrees of...
4.7K
01:28Inflammatory Response
15.0K
An inflammatory response is a localized, nonspecific immune reaction that occurs when a tissue is injured. It is characterized by redness, swelling, heat, and pain, which are commonly called the cardinal signs and symptoms of inflammation. Inflammation can sometimes result in a loss of function.
Inflammation can be triggered by various stimuli, such as impact, abrasion, chemical irritation, infections, and extreme hot or cold temperatures. These can damage cells and connective tissue fibers,...
Inflammation can be triggered by various stimuli, such as impact, abrasion, chemical irritation, infections, and extreme hot or cold temperatures. These can damage cells and connective tissue fibers,...
15.0K
01:33Whole Body Regeneration
3.8K
Regeneration is the process of restoring injured or lost tissues, organs, or body parts. While simpler organisms generally show greater ability to regenerate their whole body, few complex animals show similarly exceptional regeneration. For example, planarian flatworms have a unique regenerative potential making them a popular study organism among biologists to understand the mechanisms of whole body regeneration. Other organisms, such as hydra, also show extreme regeneration potential;...
3.8K
01:24T Cell Types and Functions
1.7K
When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
1.7K