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MicroRNA Modulation of Host Immune Response and Inflammation Triggered by Helicobacter pylori

Maria Oana Săsăran1, Lorena Elena Meliț2, Ecaterina Daniela Dobru3

  • 1Department of Pediatrics III, "George Emil Palade" University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology of Târgu Mureș, Gheorghe Marinescu Street no 38, 540136 Târgu Mureș, Romania.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|February 12, 2021
PubMed

Insights

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection triggers immune responses involving Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and microRNAs (miRNAs). These miRNAs may serve as biomarkers for H. pylori-related gastric inflammation and cancer.

Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Immunology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a primary cause of gastric inflammation and cancer.
  • Host immune responses, particularly involving Toll-like receptors (TLRs), are crucial in H. pylori pathogenesis.
  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play a regulatory role in immune signaling pathways affected by H. pylori.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review key miRNAs involved in H. pylori-induced immune responses.
  • To explore the role of miRNAs in connecting H. pylori infection to gastric inflammation and malignancy.
  • To assess the potential of miRNAs as non-invasive biomarkers for H. pylori infection and its complications.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on H. pylori, TLRs, NF-kB, and specific miRNAs (let-7 family, miR-155, miR-146, miR-125, miR-21, miR-221).
  • Analysis of the regulatory interactions between TLR-LPS pathways and miRNA expression.
  • Synthesis of current knowledge on miRNA involvement in H. pylori-associated gastric conditions.

Main Results:

  • Specific miRNAs (let-7 family, miR-155, miR-146, miR-125, miR-21, miR-221) modulate TLR signaling in response to H. pylori.
  • These miRNAs act as a link between H. pylori-induced inflammation and the development of pre-neoplastic and malignant gastric lesions.
  • Evidence suggests miRNAs could be potential non-invasive biomarkers for H. pylori infection and associated pathologies.

Conclusions:

  • MiRNAs are critical regulators of the host immune response to H. pylori, influencing gastric inflammation and cancer progression.
  • Targeting these miRNAs may offer therapeutic strategies for H. pylori-related diseases.
  • Further research, especially in pediatric populations, is needed to fully elucidate the role of miRNAs in H. pylori-associated gastric conditions.
Keywords:
H. pyloriTLRgastric inflammationhost immune responsemiRNA

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