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Updated: Nov 17, 2025

Synthesis of Ionic Liquid Based Electrolytes, Assembly of Li-ion Batteries, and Measurements of Performance at High Temperature
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Acidic Ionic Liquids Enabling Intermediate Temperature Operation Fuel Cells.

Hui Hou1,2, Hanno Maria Schütz3,4, Jürgen Giffin1

  • 1Institute of Energy and Climate Research, Electrochemical Process Engineering (IEK-14), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
|February 12, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Protic ionic liquids (PILs) show potential as fuel cell electrolytes between 100-120 °C. Certain PILs exhibit significantly higher oxygen reduction reaction current densities than phosphoric acid due to reduced catalyst poisoning.

Keywords:
Walden plotfuel celloxygen permeabilityoxygen reduction reactionprotic ionic liquid

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Area of Science:

  • Electrochemistry
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Protic ionic liquids (PILs) are being explored as advanced electrolyte materials for fuel cell applications.
  • High-temperature fuel cells require electrolytes with excellent thermal stability and conductivity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the performance of four novel protic ionic liquids as electrolytes for fuel cells operating at 100-120 °C.
  • To compare their properties, including conductivity, thermal stability, viscosity, and electrochemical behavior, against traditional electrolytes.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis and characterization of four protic ionic liquids: [DEMSPA][HSA], [DEMSPA][TfO], [DESPA][HSA], and [DESPA][TfO].
  • Measurement of specific conductivity, thermal stability, and viscosity.
  • Electrochemical evaluation of oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) on platinum electrodes.

Main Results:

  • The [DEMSPA][TfO] and [DESPA][TfO] electrolytes demonstrated high limiting current densities for ORR, approximately one order of magnitude greater than 98% H3PO4.
  • These PILs exhibited reduced poisoning of platinum catalysts.
  • A significantly larger product of oxygen self-diffusion coefficient and concentration was observed in [DEMSPA][TfO] and [DESPA][TfO].

Conclusions:

  • Protic ionic liquids, specifically [DEMSPA][TfO] and [DESPA][TfO], are promising candidates for high-temperature fuel cell electrolytes.
  • Their superior performance in ORR is attributed to enhanced oxygen transport and minimized catalyst poisoning, offering an advantage over phosphoric acid.