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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 17, 2025

High Spatial Resolution Chemical Imaging of Implant-Associated Infections with X-ray Excited Luminescence Chemical Imaging Through Tissue
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X-ray luminescence imaging for small animals.

Michael C Lun1, Wenxiang Cong2, Md Arifuzzaman3

  • 1Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Merced, Merced, CA 95343, USA.

Proceedings of Spie--The International Society for Optical Engineering
|February 12, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Focused x-ray luminescence tomography (FXLT) offers a novel molecular imaging approach for small animals, combining high resolution and sensitivity. This study details progress in developing an FXLT system, reconstruction algorithms, and nanophosphors for enhanced imaging capabilities.

Keywords:
mice imagingoptical imagingoptical tomographytomographic imagingx-ray imagingx-ray luminescence computed tomography

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical imaging
  • Molecular imaging
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • X-ray luminescence computed tomography (XLCT) combines X-ray imaging's spatial resolution with optical imaging's sensitivity.
  • Existing XLCT methods use either pencil beam X-rays (high resolution, long scan time) or cone beam X-rays (fast scan, lower resolution).
  • Nanophosphors are crucial for X-ray luminescence imaging, with ongoing research into their synthesis and properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current X-ray luminescence computed tomography (XLCT) methods.
  • To introduce a novel focused X-ray luminescence tomography (FXLT) imaging system.
  • To report progress on FXLT system development, machine learning-based reconstruction, and nanophosphor synthesis.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a focused X-ray luminescence tomography (FXLT) system integrating a focused X-ray tube and fiber detectors on a rotary stage.
  • Implemented a machine learning-based algorithm for FXLT image reconstruction.
  • Synthesized nanophosphors with varying emission wavelengths for enhanced imaging.
  • Utilized microCT for pre-imaging and four PMTs for simultaneous multi-wavelength detection during FXLT scans.

Main Results:

  • The FXLT system is under development, with key components mounted and integrated.
  • A machine learning-based reconstruction algorithm is being developed for FXLT.
  • Nanophosphors with different emission wavelengths are being synthesized.
  • Expected spatial resolution of the FXLT imaging is approximately 100 micrometers.
  • Anticipated limit of detection is around 2 μg/mL for Gd2O2S:Eu nanophosphors.

Conclusions:

  • The focused X-ray luminescence tomography (FXLT) approach shows promise for high-resolution molecular imaging in small animals.
  • Advancements in system design, reconstruction algorithms, and nanophosphor development are key to realizing FXLT's potential.
  • The developed FXLT system is expected to achieve superior spatial resolution and sensitivity compared to existing XLCT methods.