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An Overview of the Ongoing Clinical Issues of COVID-19

Asif Noor, Leonard R Krilov

    Pediatric Annals
    |February 12, 2021
    PubMed

    Insights

    Childhood COVID-19 cases are increasing, with teens most affected. Early containment and vaccination are crucial to control the spread of the virus and prevent MIS-C.

    Area of Science:

    • Pediatric Infectious Diseases
    • Public Health
    • Virology

    Background:

    • Childhood cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are rising globally.
    • Most pediatric infections stem from adult household contacts.
    • Children can be asymptomatic, pre-symptomatic, or symptomatic, with fever, cough, and dyspnea being common.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To summarize the current understanding of COVID-19 in children.
    • To highlight the risks of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C).
    • To discuss diagnostic approaches and prevention strategies.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of current literature on pediatric COVID-19.
    • Analysis of case demographics and clinical presentations.
    • Discussion of diagnostic testing (NAAT, serology) and management.

    Main Results:

    • Nearly one-third of US pediatric COVID-19 cases were in adolescents aged 15-17 years.
    • The risk of vertical transmission from infected mothers to newborns is low (2%).
    • Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is a significant postinfectious complication.

    Conclusions:

    • Nucleic acid amplification testing (NAAT) is the primary diagnostic tool for SARS-CoV-2.
    • Serology aids diagnosis in specific clinical scenarios, including MIS-C assessment.
    • Effective containment strategies and universal vaccination are essential to mitigate the pandemic's impact on children.

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