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Epidemiological features of coronavirus disease 2019 in children: a meta-analysis

J-G Wang1, Z-J Zhong, Y-F Mo

  • 1Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China. 354713144@qq.com.

European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences
|February 12, 2021
PubMed

Insights

COVID-19 in children often presents with mild symptoms, making diagnosis challenging. A meta-analysis of 11,671 children found fever and respiratory issues common, but atypical presentations necessitate considering epidemiological history for accurate screening.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Recent studies on pediatric COVID-19 clinical manifestations show variable quality and incidence rates.
  • A comprehensive analysis is required to consolidate findings on symptom prevalence and laboratory results in children.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To conduct a systematic retrospective meta-analysis to determine the incidence of clinical manifestations of COVID-19 in children.
  • To synthesize data on symptom prevalence, laboratory findings, and epidemiological factors in pediatric COVID-19 cases.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review and meta-analysis of 71 high-quality articles published between January 31, 2020, and October 20, 2020.
  • Inclusion of data from major global databases (PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, Johns Hopkins, Chinese databases).
  • Random effects meta-analysis for prevalence, with subgroup analysis for variations.

Main Results:

  • Analysis of 11,671 children revealed fever (55.8%) and respiratory symptoms (56.8%) as most common.
  • Gastrointestinal symptoms (14.4%), asymptomatic cases (21.1%), and multisystem inflammatory syndrome (6.2%) were also noted.
  • Abnormal imaging (66.5%), decreased lymphocytes (12%), and epidemiological history (85.2%) were significant findings, with a severe disease rate of 3.33% and mortality of 0.28%.

Conclusions:

  • COVID-19 in children typically presents with mild symptoms and atypical laboratory/imaging findings.
  • Screening should include symptom assessment alongside a thorough epidemiological history for accurate diagnosis.
Abstract

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