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Exosomal microRNAs in the development of essential hypertension and its potential as biomarkers

Paulina Pei Suu Tan1, Deborah Hall2, William M Chilian3

  • 1Division of Biomedical Science, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia.

American Journal of Physiology. Heart and Circulatory Physiology
|February 12, 2021
PubMed

Insights

Exosomal microRNAs (miRNAs) show promise as noninvasive biomarkers for hypertension. This review explores their role in disease development and diagnostic potential compared to free circulating miRNAs.

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small regulatory RNA molecules involved in posttranscriptional gene regulation.
  • Exosomes, extracellular vesicles, transport miRNAs through body fluids like plasma and urine.
  • Exosomal miRNAs are stable and implicated in the pathophysiology of diseases such as hypertension.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the mechanisms of miRNA loading into exosomes.
  • To discuss the roles of exosomal miRNAs in hypertension development.
  • To compare the biomarker potential of exosomal miRNAs versus free circulating miRNAs.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on exosomal miRNA biogenesis and function.
  • Analysis of studies investigating exosomal miRNAs in hypertension.
  • Comparative assessment of diagnostic and prognostic value of different miRNA types.

Main Results:

  • Exosomes actively and selectively load miRNAs, influenced by the disease microenvironment.
  • Exosomal miRNAs play significant roles in the development and progression of hypertension.
  • Exosomal miRNAs offer potential advantages as noninvasive biomarkers over free circulating miRNAs.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding exosomal miRNA loading mechanisms is crucial for biomarker development.
  • Exosomal miRNAs hold significant potential for early hypertension diagnosis and monitoring therapeutic efficacy.
  • Further research is needed to overcome challenges and fully utilize exosomal miRNAs in clinical practice.
Keywords:
clinical biomarkerextracellular vesicleshigh blood pressuremicrovesiclessmall noncoding RNA

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