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lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...

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Developing Tumor Radiosensitivity Signatures Using LncRNAs.

Mairah T Khan¹, Lingjian Yang¹, Elisabet More¹

¹Translational Radiobiology Group, Division of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Christie NHS Foundation Trust Hospital, Manchester M20 4BX, United Kingdom.

Radiation Research

|February 12, 2021

Summary

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) show potential as biomarkers for predicting cancer patient response to radiotherapy. A 10-lncRNA signature in bladder cancer indicated radioresistance and poorer survival, though validation in archival tissues presents challenges.

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Area of Science:

Molecular Biology
Oncology
Genomics

Background:

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play roles in DNA damage repair and are investigated as potential radiosensitivity biomarkers.
Radiotherapy efficacy varies among cancer patients, necessitating predictive biomarkers.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop and validate long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) signatures for predicting radiosensitivity in cancer patients.
To assess the utility of lncRNA signatures in relation to patient outcomes after radiotherapy.

Main Methods:

Radiosensitivity measurements were performed on cell lines and primary tumor samples.
A 10-lncRNA signature was developed using bladder cancer cell line data.
Patient outcomes (local relapse-free survival) were analyzed in relation to the signature in muscle-invasive bladder cancer cohorts.

Main Results:

A 10-lncRNA signature trained on bladder cell lines showed a trend towards independent validation.
Patients with radioresistant tumors identified by the lncRNA signature had poorer local relapse-free survival (P=0.065) in bladder cancer.
An mRNA-based signature performed similarly, and pathway analysis linked the lncRNA signature to radiation response pathways.

Conclusions:

lncRNA signatures show promise for predicting radiosensitivity, particularly in bladder cancer.
Challenges exist in validating lncRNA biomarkers using archival tissue, but further investigation is warranted.
lncRNAs may play a functional role in cellular response to radiation treatment.