Non-coding RNAs: Emerging from the discovery to therapeutic applications

Area of Science:

• Biochemistry
• Molecular Biology
• Genetics

Background:

• Knowledge of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) is rapidly expanding, revealing diverse types, functions, and applications.
• ncRNAs with regulatory roles are crucial in both biological and pathological processes.
• The biomedical field is increasingly exploring ncRNAs as potential biomarkers and therapeutic agents.

Purpose of the Study:

• To identify and characterize different types of ncRNAs.
• To describe the biogenesis, functions, and applications of ncRNAs.
• To present perspectives on challenges and innovative approaches for broad therapeutic application of RNA.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of ncRNA research.
• Characterization of ncRNA types, biogenesis, and functions.
• Analysis of current and future therapeutic applications of ncRNAs.

Main Results:

• ncRNAs exhibit diverse types and functions with significant roles in biological and pathological conditions.
• ncRNAs hold immense potential as biomarkers and therapeutic agents, with some already in clinical trials.
• Key criteria for pharmacological applications include RNA purity, stability, and bioactivity.

Conclusions:

• ncRNAs are vital molecules with substantial therapeutic promise.
• Overcoming challenges in RNA purity, stability, and bioactivity is essential for successful ncRNA-based therapies.
• Future innovative approaches are needed to fully realize the broad therapeutic potential of ncRNAs.