Effects of long non-coding RNAs on androgen signaling pathways in genitourinary malignancies

The non-coding RNA (ncRNA) are generally classified, based on length, into small ncRNAs less than 200 nucleotides, such as miRNA, and long ncRNA (lnRNA) with more than 200 nucleotides. The transcription of ncRNAs, similarly to genes that code for proteins, is highly deregulated in cancer. Their expression level can influence physiological processes, e.g. epigenetic regulation of gene expression, regulation of cell cycle and modification of chromatin. Recent studies on androgen receptor in oncology revealed that it exerts a pivotal role in genitourinary malignancies, in particular in prostate tumor was demonstrated that its deregulation takes part in all stages of carcinogenesis. Here, we discuss present learning of the main lnRNAs involvement on androgen signaling pathways in genitourinary neoplasms, highlighting lnRNAs potential in the regulating network comfortable to cancer onset and progression, and discuss the lnRNAs prognostic and diagnostic value in cancer management.