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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 17, 2025

Quantification of Oculomotor Responses and Accommodation Through Instrumentation and Analysis Toolboxes
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Is accommodation a confounder in pupillometry research?

L Kooijman1, D Dodou1, S T Jansen1

  • 1Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology, the Netherlands.

Biological Psychology
|February 13, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Pupil diameter measurements in psychological research are generally not confounded by accommodation. Pupil dilation from cognitive load outweighs constriction from near focus in young adults.

Keywords:
Apparent depthCognitive loadMental demandsNear triadPupil dilationPupillary near reflex

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Physiology
  • Optometry

Background:

  • Pupil diameter is widely used in psychology to study cognitive and emotional responses to visual stimuli.
  • Accommodation, the eye's adjustment for near vision, causes pupil constriction, potentially confounding pupillometry.
  • The extent to which accommodation confounds pupillometry requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the degree to which eye accommodation confounds pupillometry.
  • To determine if accommodation-induced pupillary constriction overrides cognitive load-induced dilation.

Main Methods:

  • Participants solved multiplication problems at varying distances (Experiment 1) and viewed images with monocular depth cues (Experiment 2).
  • Pupil diameter, refraction, and vergence angle were measured using a photorefractor.
  • Data analysis focused on the relationship between accommodation, cognitive load, and pupil response.

Main Results:

  • Pupil dilation occurred during multiplication tasks regardless of viewing distance, indicating cognitive load effects.
  • Accommodation-induced pupillary constriction was insufficient to counteract the dilation caused by cognitive load.
  • Monocular depth cues induced minor, expected shifts in refraction.

Conclusions:

  • Accommodation does not substantially confound pupil diameter measurements in young adults during cognitive tasks.
  • Pupillometry remains a viable tool for psychological research, even with potential accommodative changes.
  • Cognitive load is a dominant factor influencing pupil size in this context.