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Peripheral deficits and phase-locking declines in aging adults.

Samira Anderson1, Rebecca Bieber1, Alanna Schloss1

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Summary

Aging can impair speech understanding due to reduced neural representation. This study found that while outer hair cell function impacts temporal precision, older adults show deficits in auditory processing partly independent of this function.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Auditory Neuroscience
  • Speech Perception Research
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • Age-related hearing decline can affect speech understanding.
  • Neural processing of speech sounds may degrade with age.
  • Temporal precision, crucial for speech clarity, can be compromised by reduced auditory nerve function or outer hair cell loss.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate peripheral factors contributing to phase-locking strength in younger and older adults.
  • To assess age-related differences in temporal precision during speech sound processing.
  • To determine if age-related deficits are linked to outer hair cell function or independent temporal processing issues.

Main Methods:

  • Recruited 30 younger and 30 older adults with normal hearing.
  • Measured pure-tone thresholds and distortion-product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs) for outer hair cell assessment.
  • Recorded auditory brainstem responses (ABRs) and frequency-following responses (FFRs) in quiet and noise to evaluate neural timing.

Main Results:

  • Significant age-related differences were observed in most auditory measures, excluding ABR Wave V amplitude/latency slopes in noise.
  • Outer hair cell function (DPOAEs) partially explained variations in phase-locking strength.
  • Auditory brainstem response and frequency-following response differences persisted even after accounting for DPOAEs, indicating age-related temporal processing deficits.

Conclusions:

  • Age-related speech understanding difficulties may stem from reduced neural representation and temporal precision.
  • While outer hair cell function plays a role, older adults exhibit temporal processing deficits that are not solely explained by peripheral auditory system changes.
  • These findings highlight age-related changes in the central auditory system's temporal processing capabilities.