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Glaucoma and neuroinflammation: An overview.
Luciano Quaranta1, Carlo Bruttini1, Eleonora Micheletti1
1Department of Surgical & Clinical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, Section of Ophthalmology, University of Pavia - IRCCS Fondazione Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy.
Glaucoma involves optic nerve damage and vision loss. Neuroinflammation may drive glaucoma progression by affecting retinal ganglion cells and their axons, linking risk factors to disease development.
Area of Science:
- Ophthalmology
- Neuroscience
Background:
- Glaucoma is an optic neuropathy causing progressive vision loss due to retinal ganglion cell (RGC) degeneration.
- Morphological changes include optic disc cupping and neuroretinal rim thinning.
- The precise mechanisms driving RGC degeneration remain unclear.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review current understanding of neuroinflammation's role in glaucoma.
- To explore the link between glaucoma risk factors, neuroinflammation, and RGC degeneration.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of recent findings on neuroinflammation in glaucoma.
- Analysis of studies connecting risk factors to inflammatory pathways and RGC damage.
Main Results:
- Neuroinflammation is implicated in both the initiation and progression of glaucoma.
- Inflammatory processes impact the retinal microenvironment and RGC survival.
- Risk factors may trigger or exacerbate neuroinflammation, contributing to RGC loss.
Conclusions:
- Neuroinflammation is a significant factor in glaucoma pathogenesis.
- Targeting neuroinflammatory pathways may offer therapeutic strategies for glaucoma.
- Further research is needed to fully elucidate the interplay between risk factors, inflammation, and RGC degeneration.
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