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Related Concept Videos

Glaucoma: Overview01:25

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Glaucoma is an eye condition characterized by increased intraocular pressure that damages the retina and optic nerve, leading to irreversible blindness if left untreated. The human eye has various components, including the cornea, iris, pupil, lens, and optic nerve. Aqueous humor is secreted by the epithelium of the ciliary body in the posterior chamber and flows through the trabecular meshwork and canal of Schlemm, maintaining normal intraocular pressure. The trabecular meshwork and the canal...
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Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment01:27

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In open-angle glaucoma, the iridocorneal angle remains open, but the trabecular meshwork becomes stiff, slowing down the outflow of aqueous humor. This causes a buildup of aqueous humor in the anterior chamber, leading to a sudden increase in intraocular pressure. The treatment for open-angle glaucoma focuses on reducing the elevated intraocular pressure by either decreasing the secretion of aqueous humor or increasing its outflow.
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Angle Closure Glaucoma: Treatment01:28

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Angle-closure glaucoma, or closed-angle glaucoma, is an eye condition where the iris bulges out and blocks the iridocorneal angle, resulting in a buildup of aqueous humor and increased intraocular pressure. Immediate medical attention is necessary due to the sudden onset of symptoms. The treatment for angle-closure glaucoma includes short-term and long-term approaches. Short-term treatment involves using eye drops like pilocarpine to lower intraocular pressure by increasing aqueous humor...
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At the molecular level, visual signals trigger transformations in photopigment molecules, resulting in changes in the photoreceptor cell's membrane potential. The photon's energy level is denoted by its wavelength, with each specific wavelength of visible light associated with a distinct color. The spectral range of visible light, classified as electromagnetic radiation, spans from 380 to 720 nm. Electromagnetic radiation wavelengths exceeding 720 nm fall under the infrared category,...
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Glaucoma and neuroinflammation: An overview.

Luciano Quaranta1, Carlo Bruttini1, Eleonora Micheletti1

  • 1Department of Surgical & Clinical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, Section of Ophthalmology, University of Pavia - IRCCS Fondazione Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy.

Survey of Ophthalmology
|February 14, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Glaucoma involves optic nerve damage and vision loss. Neuroinflammation may drive glaucoma progression by affecting retinal ganglion cells and their axons, linking risk factors to disease development.

Keywords:
AutophagyGlaucomaGlia activationNeuroinflammationProteostasis networkRetinal ganglion cells

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Glaucoma is an optic neuropathy causing progressive vision loss due to retinal ganglion cell (RGC) degeneration.
  • Morphological changes include optic disc cupping and neuroretinal rim thinning.
  • The precise mechanisms driving RGC degeneration remain unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current understanding of neuroinflammation's role in glaucoma.
  • To explore the link between glaucoma risk factors, neuroinflammation, and RGC degeneration.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent findings on neuroinflammation in glaucoma.
  • Analysis of studies connecting risk factors to inflammatory pathways and RGC damage.

Main Results:

  • Neuroinflammation is implicated in both the initiation and progression of glaucoma.
  • Inflammatory processes impact the retinal microenvironment and RGC survival.
  • Risk factors may trigger or exacerbate neuroinflammation, contributing to RGC loss.

Conclusions:

  • Neuroinflammation is a significant factor in glaucoma pathogenesis.
  • Targeting neuroinflammatory pathways may offer therapeutic strategies for glaucoma.
  • Further research is needed to fully elucidate the interplay between risk factors, inflammation, and RGC degeneration.