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Updated: Nov 17, 2025

Enrichment of Native and Recombinant Extracellular Vesicles of Mycobacteria
Published on: December 8, 2023
Can what have we learnt about BCG vaccination in the last 20 years help us to design a better tuberculosis vaccine?
Hazel M Dockrell1, Egle Butkeviciute1
1Department of Infection Biology, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, UK.
Abstract:
The BCG vaccine will, in 2021, have been in use for 100 years. Much remains to be understood, including the reasons for its variable efficacy against pulmonary tuberculosis in adults. This review will discuss what has been learnt about the BCG vaccine in the last two decades, and whether this new information can be exploited to improve its efficacy, by enhancing its ability to induce either antigen-specific and/or non-specific effects. Many factors affect both the immunogenicity of BCG and its protective efficacy, highlighting the challenges of working with a live vaccine in man, but new insights may enable us to exploit better what BCG can do.
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