Ameloblastic Fibroma in Mandibular Anterior Tooth Region: A Case Report

An ameloblastic fibroma (AF) is a proliferative mixed tumor which includes components of both odontogenic epithelium and mesenchymal tissue. It is a relatively rare neoplasm, accounting for approximately only 1.5－4.5% of odontogenic tumors. This case report describes an AF that occurred in the mandibular anterior tooth region in a 9-year-old girl who presented with the chief complaint of swelling in the left mandibular anterior tooth region. Intraoral examination revealed a swelling along the labial gingiva, extending from the left mandibular lateral incisor region to the left mandibular canine. Upon palpation, the swelling appeared to comprise a hard tissue. Computed tomography revealed a supernumerary impacted tooth; soft tissue density in the bone surrounding the region extending from the left mandibular lateral incisor to the left mandibular canine; labial bone expansion; and thinning of the labial cortical bone. A biopsy was performed under local anesthesia and the lesion subsequently diagnosed as an AF. Tumor resection and extraction of the supernumerary impacted tooth were carried out under general anesthesia. At 2 years postoperatively the prognosis is good. Although relapse with an AF is rarer than that with an ameloblastoma, strict follow-up is required, as malignant transformation to an ameloblastic fibrosarcoma has been reported in relapsed cases.