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Correlation Between Height and Impacted Third Molars and Genetics Role in Third Molar Impaction.

Wasiu L Adeyemo1, Olutayo James1, Afisu A Oladega2

  • 1Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Medicine University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria.

Journal of Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery
|February 15, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Shorter individuals are more likely to experience impacted third molars. Genetic variations, specifically the T allele in the WNT9B gene, may increase the risk of third molar impaction.

Keywords:
GeneticsHeightImpactionsThird molarsWNT9B

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Area of Science:

  • Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
  • Dental Genetics
  • Human Height and Development

Background:

  • Third molar impaction is a common dental issue.
  • The etiology of third molar impaction is multifactorial, involving genetic and environmental factors.
  • Understanding the genetic basis can aid in predicting and managing impaction.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the correlation between an individual's height and the occurrence of maxillary and mandibular third molar impaction.
  • To explore the potential role of specific genetic markers in the development of third molar impaction.

Main Methods:

  • A case-control study involving 200 subjects with third molar impactions and 200 controls.
  • Measurement of subject height and collection of saliva samples for DNA extraction.
  • Taqman Genotyping was used to analyze Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) in five candidate genes related to jaw growth, height, and tooth agenesis.

Main Results:

  • Mean height was significantly lower in subjects with third molar impactions compared to controls (p=0.04).
  • No significant allele frequency differences were observed for 10 out of 11 SNPs.
  • A near-significant association (p=0.07) was found for SNP rs6504591 (OR=2.131), suggesting a potential genetic link.

Conclusions:

  • Shorter stature is associated with a higher prevalence of third molar impaction.
  • The T allele at the rs6504591 locus (WNT9B gene) may confer an increased risk for third molar impaction.
  • Further research with larger sample sizes is warranted to confirm the genetic association of WNT9B variations with third molar impaction.