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Related Concept Videos

MicroRNAs01:22

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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After...
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Pregnancy-Induced Changes in microRNA Expression in Multiple Sclerosis.

Helle Bach Søndergaard1, Laura Airas2, Jeppe Romme Christensen1

  • 1Danish Multiple Sclerosis Center, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark.

Frontiers in Immunology
|February 15, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Pregnancy significantly alters immune cell profiles and microRNA (miRNA) expression in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients, particularly in the third trimester. These changes, including increased monocytes and altered miRNA levels, may contribute to the disease

Keywords:
microRNAmultiple sclerosispostpartumpregnancythird trimester

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Neuroscience
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Pregnancy influences the clinical course of multiple sclerosis (MS), with a notable reduction in relapse rates during the third trimester.
  • Understanding the underlying immunological and molecular mechanisms is crucial for managing MS during pregnancy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify changes in microRNA (miRNA) expression and immune cell phenotypes in pregnant multiple sclerosis (MS) patients during the third trimester compared to postpartum MS patients.
  • To investigate the correlation between differentially expressed miRNAs and immune cell subsets, including monocytes and NK cells.

Main Methods:

  • Quantitative real-time PCR was used to detect differentially expressed miRNAs in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC).
  • Flow cytometry analyzed immune cell phenotypes, including antigen-presenting cells (APCs), NK cells, NKT cells, CD4+, and CD8+ T cells.
  • RNA extraction from whole blood, monocytes, and NK cells examined miRNA and mRNA expression and their correlations.

Main Results:

  • Fifteen miRNAs were validated as differentially expressed between third-trimester pregnant and postpartum MS patients, with 12 downregulated during pregnancy.
  • Pregnant MS patients showed a significant increase in monocytes and a decrease in NK cells and myeloid dendritic cells.
  • Increased expression of PDL1, PDL2, and IL10 was observed in pregnant patients, particularly in monocytes, correlating with downregulated miRNAs.

Conclusions:

  • Changes in miRNA expression and immunoregulatory molecules like PDL1, PDL2, and IL10 in monocytes may contribute to the disease-ameliorating effects of late pregnancy in MS.
  • The study highlights a potential immunomodulatory role of specific miRNAs and their targets in MS during pregnancy.