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Herpes Simplex Virus and Pattern Recognition Receptors: An Arms Race
Jun Zhao1, Chao Qin1, Yongzhen Liu1
1Section of Infection and Immunity, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
Frontiers in Immunology
|February 15, 2021
Summary
Herpes simplex viruses (HSV) evade immune detection using sophisticated strategies. This review details how cytosolic pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) detect HSV and how viruses manipulate these sensors, crucial for developing new antiviral therapies.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Virology
- Molecular Biology
Background:
- Herpes simplex viruses (HSV) establish persistent infections by evading host immune responses.
- Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) are key components of the innate immune system that detect viral infections.
- Cytosolic PRRs play a critical role in recognizing HSV and initiating antiviral defenses.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review recent advances in understanding how cytosolic PRRs detect HSV.
- To elucidate the mechanisms by which HSV-encoded viral proteins manipulate these PRRs.
- To highlight the implications for developing novel antiviral therapies, vaccines, and oncolytic viruses.
Main Methods:
- This review synthesizes current research on HSV-host interactions.
- It focuses on the detection of HSV by cytosolic PRRs.
- It examines viral countermeasures targeting these immune sensors.
Main Results:
- HSV employs diverse strategies to evade immune activation.
- Cytosolic PRRs recognize specific HSV molecular patterns to trigger innate immunity.
- HSV viral proteins directly interfere with the function of these PRRs.
Conclusions:
- Understanding HSV's manipulation of cytosolic PRRs is vital for combating persistent infections.
- This knowledge can inform the development of innovative antiviral strategies.
- Further research into these interactions may lead to improved vaccines and oncolytic virus therapies.
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