Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor in Alopecia Areata and Vitiligo: A Case-Controlled Serological Study

BACKGROUND: Alopecia areata and vitiligo vulgaris are common autoimmune diseases whose pathophysiology are not completely elucidated. Genetic susceptibility, immunological background, and stress have significant roles in their pathogenesis. Although macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is crucial for the maintenance of immune privilege in certain sites, it can upregulate different inflammatory cytokines and contribute to the pathogenesis of different autoimmune diseases. There is controversy about its role in alopecia and no adequate data about its role in vitiligo. OBJECTIVES: We sought to assess the serum level of MIF in alopecia areata and vitiligo and its relationship with different variables of both diseases. METHOD: Serum level of MIF was measured in 20 patients with vitiligo, 22 patients with alopecia areata, and 20 controls by ELISA. RESULTS: MIF was significantly higher in alopecia areata (8.477±4.1761ng/mL) and vitiligo vulgaris (3.930±2.7071ng/mL) compared to controls (0.725±0.5108 ng/mL) (P<0.01). In addition, MIF levels were positively correlated with the severity of alopecia areata and vitiligo. CONCLUSION: The MIF has an active role in the pathogenesis of alopecia areata and vitiligo and could be a target for the treatment of both diseases.