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An update to monoclonal antibody as therapeutic option against COVID-19
Paroma Deb1, Md Maruf Ahmed Molla2, K M Saif-Ur-Rahman3
1Department of Virology, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh.
Insights
Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are crucial for treating COVID-19, especially when vaccines are limited. This review covers mAb mechanisms, clinical trials, and their role alongside vaccines for vulnerable populations.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Virology
- Pharmacology
Background:
- The global surge in Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases necessitates effective therapeutic strategies.
- Limited vaccine availability worldwide highlights the importance of alternative treatments like monoclonal antibodies (mAbs).
- mAbs are established treatments for other viral infections, including Ebola and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV).
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the mechanism of action of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) used in treating COVID-19.
- To provide updates on ongoing clinical trials for COVID-19 mAbs.
- To discuss the role of mAbs in managing SARS-CoV-2 infection, particularly in vulnerable populations and alongside vaccination efforts.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of scientific publications and clinical trial data.
- Analysis of the immunological response to SARS-CoV-2 and the targeting mechanisms of mAbs.
- Examination of regulatory approvals, such as FDA Emergency Use Authorization (EUA), for specific mAbs.
Main Results:
- Over 50 clinical trials investigating mAbs for COVID-19 are underway globally.
- Casirivimab and imdevimab have received FDA Emergency Use Authorization (EUA), demonstrating clinical efficacy.
- mAbs target specific structures of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, interfering with viral entry and replication.
Conclusions:
- Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) represent a vital therapeutic option for COVID-19, complementing vaccination strategies.
- Continued research and clinical trials are essential to optimize mAb therapy for diverse patient populations.
- Understanding the host immune response and viral targets is key to developing effective mAb treatments for COVID-19.
Abstract:
With the number of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases soaring worldwide and limited vaccine availability for the general population in most countries, the monoclonal antibody (mAb) remains a viable therapeutic option to treat COVID-19 disease and its complications, especially in the elderly individuals. More than 50 monoclonal antibody-related clinical trials are being conducted in different countries around the world, with few of them nearing the completion of the third and fourth phase clinical trial. In view of recent emergency use authorization (EUA) from the FDA (Food and Drug Administration) of casirivimab and imdevimab, it is of importance that mAbs, already used to treat diseases such as Ebola and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection, are discussed in scientific communities. This brief review discusses the mechanism of action and updates to clinical trials of different monoclonal antibodies used to treat COVID-19, with special attention paid to SARS-CoV-2 immune response in host cells, target viral structures, and justification of developing mAbs following the approval and administration of potential effective vaccine among vulnerable populations in different countries.
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