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Updated: Nov 17, 2025
Gene Trapping Using Gal4 in Zebrafish
Published on: September 29, 2013
Forward genetic screens identified mutants with defects in trap morphogenesis in the nematode-trapping fungus
Tsung-Yu Huang1,2, Yi-Yun Lee1,3, Guillermo Vidal-Diez de Ulzurrun1
1Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Nangang, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nangang, Taipei, Taiwan.
Abstract:
Nematode-trapping fungi (NTF) are carnivorous fungi that prey on nematodes under nutrient-poor conditions via specialized hyphae that function as traps. The molecular mechanisms involved in the interactions between NTF and their nematode prey are largely unknown. In this study, we conducted forward genetic screens to identify potential genes and pathways that are involved in trap morphogenesis and predation in the NTF Arthrobotrys oligospora. Using Ethyl methanesulfonate and UV as the mutagens, we generated 5552 randomly mutagenized A. oligospora strains and identified 15 mutants with strong defects in trap morphogenesis. Whole-genome sequencing and bioinformatic analyses revealed mutations in genes with roles in signaling, transcription or membrane transport that may contribute to the defects of trap morphogenesis in these mutants. We further conducted functional analyses on a candidate gene, YBP-1, and demonstrate that mutation of that gene was causative of the phenotypes observed in one of the mutants. The methods established in this study might provide helpful insights for establishing forward genetic screening methods for other non-model fungal species.
Insights
Nematode-trapping fungi (NTF) use specialized traps to capture nematodes. This study identified genes controlling trap formation in Arthrobotrys oligospora, advancing our understanding of fungal predation mechanisms.
Area of Science:
- Mycology
- Fungal Genetics
- Biochemistry
Background:
- Nematode-trapping fungi (NTF) are carnivorous microorganisms that capture nematodes for nutrients.
- The genetic and molecular basis of NTF trap formation and predation remains largely uncharacterized.
Purpose of the Study:
- To identify genes and pathways regulating trap morphogenesis and predation in the NTF Arthrobotrys oligospora.
- To establish forward genetic screening methods for non-model fungal species.
Main Methods:
- Forward genetic screens using chemical (Ethyl methanesulfonate) and physical (UV) mutagens on 5552 Arthrobotrys oligospora strains.
- Whole-genome sequencing and bioinformatic analysis of 15 identified mutants with defective trap morphogenesis.
- Functional analysis of candidate genes, including YBP-1.
Main Results:
- Identified 15 mutants exhibiting significant defects in trap morphogenesis.
- Discovered mutations in genes associated with signaling, transcription, and membrane transport.
- Confirmed YBP-1 as a causative gene for observed phenotypes in one mutant.
Conclusions:
- Forward genetic screens are effective for dissecting complex fungal traits like trap morphogenesis.
- Identified candidate genes provide insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying NTF predation.
- Developed a valuable methodology for genetic studies in non-model fungi.
