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Regulating Lithium Electrodeposition with Laser-Structured Current Collectors for Stable Lithium Metal Batteries.

Wei Dong1,2, Kai Wang1,2, Jinlong Han1

  • 1Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, P.R. China.

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Summary

Researchers developed a laser-structured copper foil to improve lithium metal battery stability. This technique regulates lithium deposition, preventing dendrite formation and enhancing cycle life for safer, high-energy batteries.

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laser processinglithium dendritelithium depositionlithium−metal batteriessolid-electrolyte interphases

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Energy Storage

Background:

  • Lithium-metal batteries (LMBs) offer high energy density but suffer from poor stability and safety issues due to lithium dendrite formation and uneven deposition.
  • The reactivity of lithium metal and electrode volume changes during cycling compromise the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI), leading to rapid anode degradation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a facile and effective method for fabricating stable lithium metal anodes for LMBs.
  • To enhance the cycle life and safety of lithium metal anodes by controlling lithium deposition.

Main Methods:

  • A 355 nm laser was used to create microstructural fish-scale patterns on commercial copper foils, resulting in laser-structured copper foils (LSCFs).
  • Lithium deposition kinetics and anode behavior were investigated on LSCFs compared to planar copper foils.

Main Results:

  • LSCFs facilitated a different lithium deposition mode, relieving internal stress and preventing SEI piercing.
  • Lithium metal anodes on LSCFs maintained >96% Coulombic efficiency for over 100 cycles at 1 mA cm⁻² and 1 mAh cm⁻², while benchmarks decayed below 80% after 50 cycles.
  • Full cells with LiFePO₄ cathodes demonstrated a specific capacity of 125 mAh g⁻¹ over 300 cycles at 1 C.

Conclusions:

  • Laser structuring of copper foils is a fast and effective approach to create highly stable lithium metal anodes.
  • This technique addresses key challenges in LMBs, paving the way for practical applications of high-energy density batteries.