Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Attitudes01:54

Attitudes

31.8K
Attitude is our evaluation of a person, an idea, or an object. We have attitudes for many things ranging from products that we might pick up in the supermarket to people around the world to political policies. Typically, attitudes are favorable or unfavorable: positive or negative (Eagly & Chaiken, 1993). And, they have three components: an affective component (feelings), a behavioral component (the effect of the attitude on behavior), and a cognitive component (belief and knowledge;...
31.8K
Routes of Persuasion02:20

Routes of Persuasion

67.5K
Persuasion is the process of changing our attitude toward something based on some kind of communication. Much of the persuasion we experience comes from outside forces. How do people convince others to change their attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors? What communications do you receive that attempt to persuade you to change your attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors?
67.5K
Motivational Bias01:25

Motivational Bias

202
Cognitive bias results from limitations in thinking and information processing, leading to systematic errors in judgment. Conversely, motivational bias stems from personal desires or emotions, causing distortions in perception to align with self-interest. Motivational bias influences how individuals perceive and attribute causes to events, often shaped by personal needs, goals, and self-esteem preservation. This bias can distort judgment, leading to inaccurate assessments of success, failure,...
202
Self-Evaluation: Self-Enhancement and Self-Verification03:00

Self-Evaluation: Self-Enhancement and Self-Verification

5.6K
Social psychologists have documented that feeling good about ourselves and maintaining positive self-esteem is a powerful motivator of human behavior (Tavris & Aronson, 2008). In the United States, members of the predominant culture typically think very highly of themselves and view themselves as good people who are above average on many desirable traits (Ehrlinger, Gilovich, & Ross, 2005). Often, our behavior, attitudes, and beliefs are affected when we experience a threat to our...
5.6K
Ethics and Bioethics01:22

Ethics and Bioethics

2.1K
Ethics is a philosophical study of moral actions. Ethics attempts to determine what is valuable for individuals and society. It examines the rational justification of moral judgments and analyzes what is morally just, fair, and right. Bioethics is a sub-discipline of applied ethics that analyzes the philosophical, social, and legal issues in life sciences and medicine. Ethical theories serve as a foundation for decision-making and represent the viewpoints from which people seek direction. They...
2.1K
Impression Management Techniques III: Aligning Actions01:29

Impression Management Techniques III: Aligning Actions

56
Aligning actions are communicative strategies individuals employ to maintain social harmony and preserve personal identity in the face of potential disruptions to social norms. These actions are particularly important in managing social impressions when one's behavior might be seen as inappropriate, incompetent, or morally questionable.Types of Aligning ActionsThe three principal types of aligning actions are disclaimers, accounts, and apologies.DisclaimersDisclaimers are preventive; they are...
56

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

On the relationship between indirect measures of Black versus White racial attitudes and discriminatory outcomes: An adversarial collaboration using a sample of White Americans.

Journal of personality and social psychology·2026
Same author

Extended Persuasion: Elaboration Moderates Indirect Attitude Change.

Psicothema·2025
Same author

Reactions to undesired outcomes: Evidence for the opposer's loss effect.

Journal of personality and social psychology·2025
Same author

What is unique about acceptance and correction of misinformation? Insights from work on attitudes, persuasion, and beyond.

The American psychologist·2024
Same author

The association of the persecutory ideation questionnaire with clinically-relevant and other outcomes: the moderating role of confidence.

Scientific reports·2024
Same author

Ambivalent attitudes promote support for extreme political actions.

Science advances·2024

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 17, 2025

Continuous Theta Burst Stimulation of the Posterior Medial Frontal Cortex to Experimentally Reduce Ideological Threat Responses
06:42

Continuous Theta Burst Stimulation of the Posterior Medial Frontal Cortex to Experimentally Reduce Ideological Threat Responses

Published on: September 28, 2018

11.9K

Two-Sided Messages Promote Openness for Morally Based Attitudes.

Mengran Xu1, Richard E Petty1

  • 1The Ohio State University, Columbus, USA.

Personality & Social Psychology Bulletin
|February 16, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Presenting counterattitudinal messages in two-sided formats increases openness to opposing views, especially for those with strong moral attitudes. This effect is amplified when the message acknowledges the recipient

Keywords:
attitude changemessage sidednessmoral attitudesopennessreciprocity

More Related Videos

Post-Movie Subliminal Measurement PMSM, for Investigating Implicit Social Bias
09:03

Post-Movie Subliminal Measurement PMSM, for Investigating Implicit Social Bias

Published on: February 29, 2020

6.1K
The Modified Temptation Resistance Task: A Paradigm to Elicit Children's Strategic Lie-telling
06:51

The Modified Temptation Resistance Task: A Paradigm to Elicit Children's Strategic Lie-telling

Published on: April 6, 2018

8.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Nov 17, 2025

Continuous Theta Burst Stimulation of the Posterior Medial Frontal Cortex to Experimentally Reduce Ideological Threat Responses
06:42

Continuous Theta Burst Stimulation of the Posterior Medial Frontal Cortex to Experimentally Reduce Ideological Threat Responses

Published on: September 28, 2018

11.9K
Post-Movie Subliminal Measurement PMSM, for Investigating Implicit Social Bias
09:03

Post-Movie Subliminal Measurement PMSM, for Investigating Implicit Social Bias

Published on: February 29, 2020

6.1K
The Modified Temptation Resistance Task: A Paradigm to Elicit Children's Strategic Lie-telling
06:51

The Modified Temptation Resistance Task: A Paradigm to Elicit Children's Strategic Lie-telling

Published on: April 6, 2018

8.7K

Area of Science:

  • Social Psychology
  • Attitude Change
  • Persuasion

Background:

  • Understanding factors influencing attitude change is crucial in social psychology.
  • The impact of message sidedness (one-sided vs. two-sided) on persuasion is well-documented, but its interaction with attitude strength, particularly moral foundations, requires further exploration.
  • Previous research suggests that strong attitudes are often more resistant to change.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether two-sided counterattitudinal messages enhance openness to contrary positions compared to one-sided messages.
  • To examine the moderating role of a strong moral basis for attitudes in this relationship.
  • To explore the mediating role of perceived appreciation in the persuasion process.

Main Methods:

  • Four studies were conducted, employing counterattitudinal messaging.
  • Participants with varying degrees of moral basis for their attitudes were exposed to one-sided or two-sided messages.
  • Measures included attitude openness, perceived appreciation, and alternative attitude strength indicators.

Main Results:

  • Two-sided messages significantly increased openness to contrary positions among individuals with a strong moral basis for their attitudes.
  • This effect was observed across issues with balanced societal views and those with majority opinions.
  • The effectiveness of two-sided messages was contingent on respectful acknowledgment of the recipient's viewpoint, and perceived appreciation mediated the outcome.

Conclusions:

  • A strong moral basis for attitudes does not inherently preclude openness to opposing views when messages are framed appropriately.
  • Two-sided counterattitudinal messages, particularly those demonstrating perceived appreciation, are more effective in fostering openness among morally-grounded individuals.
  • Moral foundations offer unique predictive power for attitude change beyond other strength indicators.