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Relationship between blood eosinophil levels and COVID-19 mortality
Bingdi Yan1, Junling Yang1, Yan Xie2
1Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, PR China.
The World Allergy Organization Journal
|February 16, 2021
Summary
Progressively worsening eosinopenia (low eosinophil count) in COVID-19 patients indicates a higher risk of critical disease and mortality. This decline also correlates with coagulation disorders and tissue damage biomarkers.
Area of Science:
- Infectious Diseases
- Hematology
- Critical Care Medicine
Background:
- Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes COVID-19, a disease with significant mortality.
- Eosinopenia, a decrease in eosinophil levels, is a noted characteristic in COVID-19 patients.
- Previous studies on eosinopenia and COVID-19 severity have yielded inconsistent results.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the association between eosinopenia and COVID-19 mortality.
- To identify clinical conditions linked to mortality in COVID-19 patients.
- To clarify the relationship between declining eosinophil counts and disease progression.
Main Methods:
- A cohort of 190 patients with moderate, severe, or critical COVID-19 was studied.
- Data on medical history, symptoms, CT scans, laboratory results, and outcomes were collected on day two post-admission.
- Statistical analyses controlled for confounding factors such as age, gender, and comorbidities.
Main Results:
- Eosinophil levels were significantly lower in critical COVID-19 cases compared to moderate and severe cases.
- Progressive eosinopenia was independently associated with increased mortality after adjusting for confounders.
- Eosinophil levels correlated positively with platelet and D-dimer levels and inversely with markers of kidney, liver, and tissue damage.
Conclusions:
- Worsening eosinopenia is a predictor of progression to critical COVID-19 and heightened mortality risk.
- Eosinopenia is linked to biomarkers indicative of coagulation disorders.
- The study highlights eosinopenia's correlation with biomarkers of multi-organ tissue damage in severe COVID-19.
