[Neurological symptoms in spinal syndromes]

Area of Science:

• Neurology
• Neuroanatomy
• Clinical Neuroscience

Background:

• Spinal cord injuries often result in significant clinical-neurological deficits.
• Specific symptoms and syndromes characterize these deficits.
• A comprehensive understanding of spinal neuroanatomy is fundamental for accurate diagnosis.

Purpose of the Study:

• To present essential knowledge of spinal anatomy.
• To describe examination procedures for spinal cord assessment.
• To outline classical spinal syndromes.

Main Methods:

• Review of spinal anatomy and neuroanatomical pathways.
• Description of clinical examination techniques.
• Classification of spinal cord syndromes based on clinical presentation.

Main Results:

• Key spinal syndromes discussed include dorsal cord, spinothalamic tract, pyramidal tract, central cord, transversal, and Brown-Séquard syndromes.
• Combined syndromes are also presented.
• These syndromes correlate with specific neuroanatomical damage.

Conclusions:

• Clinical examination is vital for assessing and anatomically classifying spinal syndromes.
• Targeted examination of the spinal cord can be enhanced with additional diagnostic methods.
• Accurate anatomical knowledge aids in the diagnosis and management of spinal cord injuries.