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Post-approval, manufacturers may modify an approved new or generic drug product. Such modifications can encompass alterations in the Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient (API), manufacturing process, formulation, batch size, manufacturing site, and container closure system (FDA Guidance for Industry, April 2004). Often, a drug product may undergo multiple changes.These modifications require careful evaluation to determine their potential impact on the drug product's identity, strength, quality,...
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Drugs, the chemical agents used in diagnosing, treating, or preventing diseases, undergo a four-phase process of development: pharmaceutic, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and therapeutic.
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Clinical development focuses on how the drug will interact with the human body and encompasses four key phases of clinical trials, each serving a specific purpose in assessing the safety and effectiveness of new drugs. These phases overlap and build upon one another. Phase I involves a small group of healthy volunteers (typically 20-80 individuals) or, in cases where significant toxicity is expected, patients with the targeted disease, such as cancer or AIDS. The volunteers are tested for...
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Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF), a proinflammatory cytokine, contributes significantly to the inflammation seen in Crohn's disease. It exists as soluble TNF and membrane-bound TNF, with actions mediated through TNF receptors (TNFR). TNFR activation leads to the release of proinflammatory cytokines, T-cell activation, collagen production, and leukocyte migration, all contributing to inflammation in Crohn's disease. Anti-TNF monoclonal antibodies, namely infliximab (Remicade), adalimumab...
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Bioequivalence studies: Biowaivers01:13

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Body:In certain scenarios, in vitro dissolution tests can replace in vivo bioequivalence studies. This is particularly true when a drug product, though available in varying strengths, maintains proportional similarity in its active and inactive ingredients. In such cases, the need for in vivo bioequivalence studies for lower strength variants may be waived, provided dissolution tests and in vivo studies on the highest strength yield satisfactory results.Bioequivalence can be indicated through...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 17, 2025

Laparoscopic Anatomical Resection of the Right Anterior Lobe Based on the Laennec Capsule Technique
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Lonafarnib: First Approval.

Sohita Dhillon1

  • 1Springer Nature, Private Bag 65901, Mairangi Bay, Auckland, 0754, New Zealand. dru@adis.com.

Drugs
|February 16, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Lonafarnib is an oral farnesyltransferase inhibitor approved for Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome and related conditions. It prevents harmful protein accumulation, offering a new treatment for these rare diseases.

Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology
  • Genetics
  • Virology

Background:

  • Lonafarnib is a farnesyltransferase inhibitor originally developed for oncology.
  • It targets the farnesylation process implicated in progeria and hepatitis D virus (HDV) infections.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the development milestones of lonafarnib.
  • To highlight its first regulatory approval for progeria and related conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Review of lonafarnib's drug discovery and development history.
  • Analysis of clinical data supporting its efficacy and safety in progeroid laminopathies.

Main Results:

  • Lonafarnib received US FDA approval in November 2020 for Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome (HGPS) and processing-deficient progeroid laminopathies.

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  • The drug inhibits farnesyltransferase, preventing progerin accumulation in HGPS.
  • Conclusions:

    • Lonafarnib represents a significant therapeutic advancement for patients with progeria and related laminopathies.
    • Ongoing clinical development for HDV infections shows promise for broader applications.