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Recommendations for simulating and measuring with biofabricated lung equivalent materials based on atomic composition

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Summary

Simulating inhaled lungs in Monte Carlo simulations can be simplified by artificially lowering material density instead of including air. This method, along with 3D printed plastics, is accurate for megavoltage photon dosimetry but not kilovoltage photon dosimetry.

Keywords:
3D printingABSAtomic compositionLungMonte CarloPLA

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Physics
  • Radiological Dosimetry
  • Computational Modeling

Background:

  • Monte Carlo simulations for lung dosimetry often use simplified lung equivalent materials.
  • Artificial density reduction is a common simplification, but its accuracy needs validation.
  • 3D printed plastics (PLA, ABS) are explored as potential lung tissue simulants.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the accuracy of artificially lowering material density versus simulating air for lung dosimetry.
  • To assess the suitability of 3D printed PLA and ABS with air as lung tissue substitutes.
  • To determine the applicability of these methods for different photon energy ranges.

Main Methods:

  • Atomic composition analysis was performed on lung tissue, artificially lowered density materials, and 3D printed plastics (PLA, ABS) with air.
  • Electron density and average atomic number differences were calculated and compared to inhaled lung tissue.

Main Results:

  • Artificial density reduction showed minimal atomic composition differences (largest 0.8% for Nitrogen).
  • 3D printed PLA and air, and ABS and air showed small electron density differences (0.3% and 1.3%) compared to inhaled lung.
  • Significant average atomic number differences were found for 3D printed materials (5.6% for PLA, 20.4% for ABS).

Conclusions:

  • Artificially lowering density is a sufficiently accurate method for simulating inhaled lungs in Monte Carlo simulations for MV photon dosimetry, excluding infill effects.
  • 3D printed PLA and ABS with air are adequate for MV photon dosimetry due to similar electron densities.
  • The large atomic number differences make 3D printed PLA and ABS unsuitable for kV photon dosimetry.