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Related Concept Videos

Intermolecular Forces in Solutions02:28

Intermolecular Forces in Solutions

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The formation of a solution is an example of a spontaneous process, a process that occurs under specified conditions without energy from some external source.
When the strengths of the intermolecular forces of attraction between solute and solvent species in a solution are no different than those present in the separated components, the solution is formed with no accompanying energy change. Such a solution is called an ideal solution. A mixture of ideal gases (or gases such as helium and argon,...
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Energetics of Solution Formation02:35

Energetics of Solution Formation

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The formation of a solution is an example of a spontaneous process, which is a process that occurs under specified conditions without energy from some external source.
When the strengths of the intermolecular forces of attraction between solute and solvent species in a solution are no different than those present in the separated components, the solution is formed with no accompanying energy change. Formation of the solution requires the solute–solute and solvent–solvent...
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Intermolecular Forces03:13

Intermolecular Forces

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Atoms and molecules interact through bonds (or forces): intramolecular and intermolecular. The forces are electrostatic as they arise from interactions (attractive or repulsive) between charged species (permanent, partial, or temporary charges) and exist with varying strengths between ions, polar, nonpolar, and neutral molecules. The different types of intermolecular forces are ion–dipole, dipole–dipole, hydrogen bonds, and dispersion; among these, dipole–dipole, hydrogen...
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Chemical and Solubility Equilibria02:21

Chemical and Solubility Equilibria

4.6K
The free energy change associated with dissolving a solute in a liter of solvent is called the free energy of a solution, ΔGsolution. The overall ΔGsolution is expressed as the balance of ΔGinteraction against the always-favorable free-energy of mixing, ΔGmixing. Solution formation is favorable if  ΔGsolution is less than zero, whereas it is unfavorable if ΔGsolution is greater than zero. In short, for a solution to form and complete dissolution to take place,...
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Solubility03:00

Solubility

20.1K
Solution, Solubility, and Solubility Equilibrium
A solution is a homogeneous mixture composed of a solvent, the major component, and a solute, the minor component. The physical state of a solution—solid, liquid, or gas—is typically the same as that of the solvent. Solute concentrations are often described with qualitative terms such as dilute (of relatively low concentration) and concentrated (of relatively high concentration).
In a solution, the solute particles (molecules,...
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Entropy and Solvation02:05

Entropy and Solvation

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The process of surrounding a solute with solvent is called solvation. It involves evenly distributing the solute within the solvent. The rule of thumb for determining a solvent for a given compound is that like dissolves like. A good solvent has molecular characteristics similar to those of the compound to be dissolved. For example, polar solutions dissolve polar solutes, and apolar solvents dissolve apolar solutes. A polar solvent is a solvent that has a high dielectric constant (ϵ...
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Updated: Nov 17, 2025

Preparation of Binary and Ternary Deep Eutectic Systems
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Nanostructure of a deep eutectic solvent at solid interfaces.

Aaron Elbourne1, Nastaran Meftahi2, Tamar L Greaves1

  • 1School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia.

Journal of Colloid and Interface Science
|February 16, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) exhibit complex, ordered nanostructures at solid interfaces, varying with substrate type. This detailed understanding of DES interfacial behavior is crucial for optimizing their use in various applications.

Keywords:
Atomic force microscopyDeep eutectic solventsHOPGInterfacial nanostructureLateral nanostructureMicaMolecular dynamics simulations

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Physical Chemistry
  • Surface Science

Background:

  • Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) offer tunable properties but lack detailed structure-property relationships, hindering their application.
  • Understanding DES behavior at solid-liquid interfaces is critical for their development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the lateral nanostructure of DES at solid-liquid interfaces.
  • To elucidate the relationship between DES composition, substrate properties, and interfacial structure.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized high-resolution amplitude-modulated atomic force microscopy (AM-AFM).
  • Employed molecular dynamics (MD) simulations.
  • Probed the DES choline chloride:glycerol at mica and highly-ordered pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) interfaces.

Main Results:

  • Observed heterogeneous and well-ordered lateral nanostructures at both mica and HOPG interfaces.
  • Mica interface showed strong polar ordering with rhomboidal symmetry (~0.9 nm spacing).
  • HOPG interface displayed an apolar-driven row-like structure (~0.6 nm spacing), largely excluding chloride ions.
  • Near-surface nanostructural layering was evident, intensifying closer to the substrate.

Conclusions:

  • DES interfacial nanostructure is governed by substrate templating, liquid-liquid interactions, and species-specific affinities.
  • The findings significantly advance the understanding of DES interfacial behavior.
  • This knowledge will aid in optimizing DES for surface-based applications.