Symptoms to script: delays in tuberculosis treatment in the west of Ireland

The first pillar of the End-TB Strategy is "early diagnosis and prompt treatment". Nevertheless, long delays in starting tuberculosis (TB) treatment are reported. We aimed to describe the demographics and clinical features of TB in the west of Ireland and better understand the delays in treatment.

We conducted a retrospective chart review of all patients diagnosed with active TB who attended the Galway University Hospital (GUH) TB clinic from 2014 to 2018.

Eighty-five patients were diagnosed with TB and attended our clinic. Ten (12%) patients were receiving immunosuppressive therapy, 8 (9%) had drug resistance, and 41 (48%) had extra-pulmonary disease. Patients with extra-pulmonary disease had a longer length of stay before treatment (11 vs. 4 days; p = 0.006). Patients older than 55 had a longer length of stay before (16 vs. 5 days, p = 0.0001) and during (36 vs. 11 days, p = 0.004) treatment and were readmitted more frequently than younger patients. A total of 36% of patients were born outside Ireland. Non-Irish patients were younger (mean age 35 vs 48; p = 0.004) and more frequently had drug resistance (19% vs. 4%, p = 0.02). The median time from symptom onset to hospital presentation was 76 days (IQR 35-146 days) and the median time from first hospital presentation to TB treatment was 11 days (IQR 5-51 days).

TB patients experienced long symptom durations in the community prior to presentation. Many TB patients experienced delays in diagnosis and treatment following presentation. Both pre-hospital and in-hospital delays need to be addressed in order to 'End-TB'.