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Gross Anatomy of the Liver

Gross Anatomy of the Liver

The liver, the largest gland within the human body, is a firm and reddish-brown organ. This wedge-shaped structure weighs approximately 1.5 kg and occupies a significant portion of the right hypochondriac and epigastric regions. It extends more to the right of the body's midline than to the left.
Located under the diaphragm, the liver is almost entirely ensconced within the rib cage, providing it with substantial protection. Except for the superior most bare area, the liver's surface is...

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3-Dimensional Resin Casting and Imaging of Mouse Portal Vein or Intrahepatic Bile Duct System

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Soft Liver Phantom with a Hollow Biliary System.

Xiangzhou Tan^1,2,3, Dandan Li^1,4, Moonkwang Jeong¹

¹Cyber Valley Research Group, Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany.

Annals of Biomedical Engineering

|February 17, 2021

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

We developed a realistic liver phantom for surgical training, improving minimally-invasive hepatobiliary procedures. This high-fidelity model accurately mimics human liver anatomy and supports multi-modality imaging and needle tracking.

Keywords:

3D printing Biliary interventions Centesis Electrical sensing Interventional surgical training Liver model Organ phantom Ultrasound imaging

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Area of Science:

Medical simulation
Surgical training technology

Background:

Hepatobiliary interventions are complex minimally-invasive procedures demanding significant physician expertise.
Effective surgical training tools are crucial for improving procedural outcomes and patient safety.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a high-fidelity, durable liver phantom for enhanced surgical training in hepatobiliary interventions.
To create a realistic simulation model supporting multi-modality medical imaging and quantitative needle tracking.

Main Methods:

Fabrication of a soft, anatomically accurate liver phantom with detailed morphology, including biliary ducts.
Assessment of phantom fidelity using multi-modality medical imaging: computed tomography (CT), ultrasound, and endoscopy.
Development of an electric sensing system for real-time, quantitative tracking of transhepatic puncturing needles.

Main Results:

The liver phantom demonstrated high anatomical accuracy, closely resembling real livers, with low spatial root mean square errors (RMSE) for biliary ducts (1.7 ± 0.7 mm) and outer shape (0.9 ± 0.2 mm).
Sonographic signals and endoscopic appearance of the phantom effectively mimicked those of a human liver.
The developed needle tracking system provided robust, real-time quantitative evaluation of transhepatic puncturing accuracy.

Conclusions:

The developed liver phantom is a valuable tool for surgical training, offering realistic anatomical representation and multi-modal imaging compatibility.
The accurate and reproducible fabrication method, coupled with the electric sensing system, provides a robust platform for evaluating and improving minimally-invasive procedures like transhepatic puncturing.