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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 17, 2025

An Alternant Method to the Traditional NASA Hindlimb Unloading Model in Mice

An Alternant Method to the Traditional NASA Hindlimb Unloading Model in Mice

Published on: March 10, 2011

Experience with human tail and its outcome.

Md Nazrul Islam¹, Suman Bikram Adhikari², Mohammad Mahabubul Alam¹

¹Department of Paediatric Surgery, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh.

African Journal of Paediatric Surgery : AJPS

|February 17, 2021

Summary

Human tails are rare, benign vestigial structures. Distinguishing true tails from pseudotails is crucial for appropriate medical management and outcomes.

Keywords:

Human tail pseudo-tail spinal dysraphism true tail

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Published on: March 10, 2011

The Tail Suspension Test

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A Murine Tail Lymphedema Model

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Area of Science:

Developmental Biology
Human Anatomy
Medical Genetics

Background:

Human tails share genetic heritage with mammals, representing rare vestigial caudal cutaneous structures.
Around 60 cases of human tails have been documented in medical literature.
Differentiating true human tails from pseudotails is critical due to distinct underlying conditions and management.

Observation:

A case series of four pediatric patients presenting with lumbosacral caudal appendages is reported.
Two patients were infants, and two were toddlers.
One patient exhibited spinal dysraphism and neurological manifestations, while the other three did not.

Findings:

True human tails are benign, composed of adipose tissue, connective tissue, muscle, vessels, and nerves.
Pseudotails are associated with underlying spinal dysraphism requiring specialized medical intervention.
Surgical excision was performed for the appendages in this case series.

Implications:

Emphasizing the distinct terminology of 'true tail' and 'pseudotail' is essential for accurate diagnosis.
Clinical, radiological, and histological findings differ significantly between true tails and pseudotails.
Clearer diagnostic criteria improve management strategies and patient outcomes for caudal appendages.